Some nouns are used in particular meanings

1

• Some nouns are used in particular meanings
• in the plural with or without determiners,
• like count nouns, but are not used in the
• singular with that meaning. They are often
• called plural nouns.
• - ?? ???? ?? ???? ????
• ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???
• ? ?? ??? ???. ??? ? ???
• ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?
• ??. ???? ?? ?? ?? ???.

2
His clothes looked terribly dirty. -?? ?? ????
??? ???. Troops are being sent in today -?? ?
??? ?? ???? ??.
Some of these nouns are always used with
determiners. ? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??
????. actives, authorities, feelings, likes,
pictures, sights, travels ???, ??,
??, ??, ??, ??/??, ??(?) I went to
the pictures with Tina. -?? Tina? ???? ??. You
hurt his feelings. -?? ?? ??? ??? ??.
3
Some are usually used without determiners. -??
???? ?? ??? ?? ????. airs expenses
goods refreshments riches ?? ?? ??
?? ?
Refreshments are available inside. -??? ??? ??? ?
??. They have agreed to pay for travel and
expenses -??? ?? ? ??? ????? ????.
WARNING police is a plural noun, but does not
end in -s. -?? ??? ??????, ?? s? ?? ???.
The police were informed immediately. -???? ??
????.
4
A small group of plural nouns refer to single
items that have two linked parts. They refer to
tools that people use or things that people
wear. -?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ????.
???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????.
Binoculars glasses jeans knickers pincers
pants pliers pajamas ??? ?? ??
??? ??? ?? ?? ?? scales
scissors shears shorts tights
trousers tweezers ?? ?? ? ?? ???
??? ?? ??
She was wearing brown trousers. -??? ?? ??? ??
???. These scissors are sharp. -? ???? ????.
5
You can use a pair of to make it clear you are
talking about one item, or a number with pairs
of when you are talking about several
items. -??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? a
pair of ?? ?? ??? ? ??. ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??
??? pairs of ?? ?? ??? ? ??.
I was sent out to buy a pair of scissors. -?? ?
?? ??? ???. Liza had given me three pairs of
jeans. -??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??.
Note that you also use a pair of with words
such as gloves, shoes, and socks that you
often talk about in twos. - ? ?? ? ??? ??, ??,
?? ?? ????? a pair of? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???.