Title: Campaigns and Elections
1Campaigns and Elections
2Candidates
- self-starters vs. recruited by parties
- Motivation
- Profile
3(No Transcript)
4Changing campaign styles
- More personalized
- Less reliant on organization
- More expensive
- More professionals, less volunteers
5Stump Speaking by George Caleb Bingham c.
1830s
6Warren Hardings Front Porch Campaign Mass
Media Election, 1920
7Harry Trumans Whistle Stop Campaign, 1948
8Television Campaign Ads
Are the biggest part of spending in modern
campaigns.
- They can be designed to promote a candidate in a
number of ways - Present a biography Introduce the candidate
- Claim accomplishments/record
- Compare to other candidates
- Respond to other ads
An example
Ronald Reagans Morning in America (1984)
Into which category does this fall?
LBJ Daisy (1964)
9Iowa Caucus and New Hampshire Primary dominate
early political news coverage
10Primaries
- Closed
- Open
- Blanket
- Run-off
11Caucus
121860 GOP Convention
13The Convention
- Presidential candidates have been nominated by
the convention method in every election since
1832. - Seating the Delegates.
- Convention Activities.
- Speech making
- Platform formulation
- Presidential Balloting
- Acceptance Speeches
- Becoming less relevant
14Campaign Finance Terminology
Hard money Soft money Air war Ground war
Political Action Committees (PACs)
Harry Louise Issue Ad
527 Groups (or Committees)
If Parents Acted Like Bush
15Regulations
- Hatch Act (1939)
- Federal Election Campaign Act (1974)
- McCain-Feingold (2002)
16(Historical) Legal Regulations on Registration
- Poll Tax
- Literacy Test
- Requiring re-registration at periodic intervals
- Purging for nonvoting
- Residency requirements
- Closing date for registration
- Office hours for registration may be limited to
regular business hours - Registration offices can be limited or widely
available - Deputy registrars
- Absentee registration
17Wolfinger Rosenstones Hypotheses
- Hypotheses
- Consequential restrictions
- Reforms suggested
18Voter turnout
19Electoral Law
- Most states require registration
- Elections occur on a Tuesday
- Votes must be cast in the assigned precinct
during polling hours - Absentee ballots need to be requested in advance
- Elections are SMDP
20Machinery of Elections
21How voters decide
- Socio-economic and demographic factors
- Education
- Income/socio-economic status
- Religion
- Ethnicity/Race
- Gender
- Age
- Region
- Psychological factors
- Party identification
- Perception of the candidates in terms of image
and trustworthiness - Issue preferences, especially on economic issues
22Party ID measured on a seven-point scale
23Cartogram of Electoral College Votes
24(No Transcript)
25The Electoral Map 10/15 (Time)
262004 Results State Level
Source http//www-personal.umich.edu/mejn/electi
on/
272004 Results State (pop adj)
Source http//www-personal.umich.edu/mejn/electi
on/
282004 Results State (EC adj)
Source http//www-personal.umich.edu/mejn/electi
on/
292004 Results County Level
Source http//www-personal.umich.edu/mejn/electi
on/
302004 Results County Level (pop adj)
Source http//www-personal.umich.edu/mejn/electi
on/
312004 Results County (intensity)
Source http//www-personal.umich.edu/mejn/electi
on/
322004 Results County (intensity, pop)
Source http//www-personal.umich.edu/mejn/electi
on/
33Caveat Sometimes the polls are wrong