PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY

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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY

• WEEK 10
• EATING DISORDER AND SLEEP DISORDER

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Eating Disorders

• Eating disorders
• - are characterized by disturbed patterns of
  eating and maladaptive ways of controlling body
  weight.

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Eating Disorders

• Anorexia nervosa
• - An eating disorder characterized by maintenance
  of an abnormally low body weight, a distorted
  body image, intense fears of gaining weight and
  in females, amenorrhea.

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Eating Disorders

• Diagnostic Features of Anorexia Nervosa
• Refusal to maintain weight at or above the
  minimal normal weight for ones age and height
  for example, a weight more than 15 below normal
• Strong fear of putting on weight or becoming fat
  despite being thin
• A distorted body image in which ones body or
  part of ones body is perceived as fat,
  although others perceive the person as thin
• In case of females who have had menarche, absence
  of three or more consecutive menstrual periods.

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Eating Disorders

• Subtypes of Anorexia
• A binge eating/purging type
• A restrictive type

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Eating Disorders

• Binge eating/purging type
• - Is characterized by frequent episodes of binge
  eating and purging

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Eating Disorders

• Restrictive type
• - self-starvation

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Eating Disorders

• Bulimia Nervosa
• - An eating disorder characterized by recurrent
  binge eating followed by self induced purging,
  accompanied by overconcern with body weight and
  shape.

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Eating Disorders

• Diagnostic Features of Bulimia Nervosa
• Recurrent episodes of binge eating (gorging) as
  shown by both
• a) eating an unusually high quantity of food
  during a 2-hour period
• b) sense of loss control over food intake during
  the episode
• 2. Regular inappropriate behavior to prevent
  weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, abuse
  of laxatives, diuretics or enemas or fasting or
  excessive exercise
• 3. A minimum average of two episodes a week of
  binge eating and inappropriate compensatory
  behavior to prevent weight gain over a period of
  at least 3 months
• 4. Persistent overconcern with the shape and
  weight of ones body

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Eating Disorders

• Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
• Sociocultural factors
• Psychosocial factors
• Family factors
• Biological factors

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Eating Disorders

• Treatment of eating disorders
• Hospitalization
• Family therapy
• Cognitive-behavior therapy
• Interpersonal psychotherapy
• Antidepressant drugs (prozac)

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Sleep Disorders

• Sleep disorders
• - Persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems
  that cause distress or impaired functioning

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Sleep Disorders

• 2 major categories
• Dyssomnias
• Parasomnias

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Sleep Disorders

• Dyssomnias
• - Sleep disorders involving disturbances in the
  amount, quality, or timing of sleep

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Sleep Disorders

• 5 specific types of dyssomnias
• Primary insomnia
• Primary hypersomnia
• Narcolepcy
• Breathing related sleep disorder
• Circadian rhythm-sleep disorder

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Sleep Disorders

• Insomnia
• Difficulties falling asleep, remaining asleep or
  achieving restorative sleep.
• Primary insomnia
• A sleep disorder characterized by chronic or
  persistent insomnia not caused by another
  psychological or physical disorder or by the
  effects of drugs or medications.

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Sleep Disorders

• Hypersomnia
• A pattern of excessive sleepiness during the day.
• Narcolepcy
• - A sleep disorder characterized by sudden,
  irresistible episodes of sleep.

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Sleep Disorders

• Breathing-related Sleep Disorder
• A sleep disorder in which sleep is repeatedly
  disrupted by difficulty with breathing normally
• Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
• - A sleep disorder characterized by a mismatch
  between the bodys normal sleep-wake cycle and
  the demands of the environment.

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Sleep Disorders

• Parasomnias
• Sleep disorders involving abnormal behaviors or
  physiological events that occur during sleep or
  while falling asleep.
• - Common parasomnias are nighmares disorder,
  sleep terror disorder and sleep walking disorder.

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Sleep Disorders

• Nightmare disorder
• - A sleep disorder characterized by recurrent
  awakenings due to frightening nightmares.

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Sleep Disorders

• Sleep terror disorder
• - A sleep disorder characterized by recurrent
  episodes of sleep terror resulting in abrupt
  awakening.

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Sleep Disorders

• Sleep walking disorder
• - A sleep disorder involving repeated episodes of
  sleepingwalking

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Sleep Disorders

• Treatment for Sleep Disorders
• Biological approaches
• - antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines)
• - sleep medications
• Psychological approaches
• - cognitive behavior therapy