TOURISM PLANNING

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TOURISM PLANNING DEVELOPMENT 12-09-2005

• TON TEPE

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TODAY

• TPDi WHY?
• TOURISM PRODUCTS
• TOURISM SYSTEMS
• DESTINATIONS PRODUCTS
• DESTINATION COMPLEXITY CONTEXT
• TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

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TPDirole and function

• TOURISM PLANNING
• TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
• TPDi FUTURE ORIENTATED, BASED ON UNDERSTANDING
  PAST AND PRESENT
• TPD DESIGNING THE FUTURE
• TPDi assignment

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TOURISM PRODUCTS DESTINATIONS

• HUGE.
• LOTS OF VARIETIES.
• AMALGAMSMIXTURES
• PRODUCT ELEMENTS
• SO MANY AND ALL DIFFERENT

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TOURISM PRODUCT ELEMENTS ..

• ATTRACTIONS
• NATURAL
• CULTURAL (based on history, past)
• MAN-MADE
• AMENITIES ACCOmmodation, FB, ENTERTAINMENT, ETC
• ACCES INFRASTRUCTURE
• OTHER HOSPITABILITY ETC
• NEXT WEEK.
• ATTRACTINGSUPPORTING

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TOURISM PRODUCTS DESTINATIONS

• ITMC(TPDi) gtgtgtgt DESTINATIONS

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2 TOURISM SYSTEMS

• MILL MORISSON
• LIU bigger than MM model
• The MM model fits in the Liu model (not the other
  way around)

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THE (!)TOURISM SYSTEMMM

• 4 MAJOR ELEMENTS
• 1 OF THEM IS DESTINATION (most interesting one
  for ITMC- the visited area)
• THE OTHER IS DEMAND (tourism generating areas)
• Destination and demand LINKED THROUGH
• TRAVEL
• MARKETING
• CHANGE (!) (start model with destination now
  instead of demand)

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TOURISM SYSTEM MODEL MILL AND MORRISON
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TOURISM SYSTEM MODEL MILL AND MORRISON
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TOURISM SYSTEM (MM) TOURISM PRODUCTS
DESTINATIONS

• DESTINATION AREAS
• SUPPLY SIDE
• TOURISM PRODUCTS (you can only analyze products
  if you look at the market)
• PRODUCT LED
• DESTINATIONS SELLERS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
• TPD gtgt focus on DESTINATIONS gtgtITMC
• FOCUS ON DESTINATIONS
• WITH A LOT OF ATTENTION FOR TOURISM MARKETS

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Example TOURISM DESTINATION AREAINDONESIA

• TOURISM PRODUCT, in order to analyze product,
  looking at the market is essential.
• MAIN MARKETS
• DOMESTIC
• INCOMING
• SINGAPORE
• MALAYSIA
• JAPAN
• TAIWAN
• AUSTRALIA
• USA / GERMANY / NL

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TOURISM SYSTEM (MM)DEMAND TOURISM MARKETS

• DEMAND (has to do with destination)
• Supply has to do with product
• TOURIST GENERATING AREAS
• MARKETS (people from tourism generating areas)
• TOURISTS/TRAVELERS/CONSUMERS
• TOURISM MARKETS BUYERS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
• MARKET LED MARKET ORIENTATED

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TOURISM GENERATING AREAHOLLAND

• MARKET HOLLAND
• FAVOURITE DESTINATIONS (long trips)
• HOLLAND (8Mln)
• ABROAD (12Mln) neighbouring countries most
  important
• FRANCE 20
• SPAIN 15
• GERMANY 10
• Belgium, Italy, Greece 5 (each)
• (often the country of destination attracts
  visitors and the generating country does not
  focus on the country of destination. E.g. Germany
  only aims less than5 of outgoing activities on
  the Netherlands. Still, 50 of tourism goes to
  NL. So the NL focusses on Germany and not the
  other way around.

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THE(!) TOURISM SYSTEMLIU

• TOURISM SYSTEM
• INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
• ASPECTS POLICY, PLANNING, MARKETING,
  ORGANISATIONAL, FINANCIAL, HUMAN
• OPERATING ENVIRONMENT working space competing
  destinations, generating areas/destinations
• MACRO ENVIRONMENT
• wider environment
• On the internal and operating environment the
  Tourism system has some influence, on the macro
  environment there is hardly any influence. (the
  reader focusses too much on the macro
  environment!! Instead focus on other 2
  environments!

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ASSIGNMENT.TPDi

• ANALYSE
• PRESENT AND PAST
• OF A TOURISM PRODUCT
• (TO DESIGN THE FUTURE)
• TO UNDERSTAND
• Assignment Not meant to design the future!

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TPDi (itmc) PERSPECTIVEassignment

• (TOURISM PRODUCT ANALYSIS- in real life often
  part of destination analysis
• DESTINATION ANALYSIS potential area, product
  development directions etc. (during fieldtrip)
• PRE-FEASIBILITY trying to look in what seems
  to be possible/feasible for developments,
  scanning possibilities
• FEASIBILITY - pick one or two developments/product
  s and check out
• MARKET
• FINANCE
• GO or NO GO
• PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PHASE
• (actual development/building takes place in
  construction phase)
• (then comes pre-operational and operational
  phase. In the latter the tourists come and the
  PLC starts).

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DESTINATION ANALYSISPREVIEW..

• TOURISM PRODUCT ANALYSIS
• COMPETITION ANALYSIS
• ECONMICAL POLITICAL CONTEXT
• CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
• LEGAL STRUCTURE / LEGISLATION
• PLANNING SYSTEM
• ETCETERA..
• ALL THIS. IS NEEDED IN ORDER TO DESIGN FOR THE
  FUTURE..

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DESTINATION AREA(MM LIU INTERNAL SYSTEM)

• MM
• POLICY
• PLANNING
• DEVELOPMENT
• CONTROL
• (DESCRIBE, ANALYSE, EVALUATE, SYNTHESISE (try to
  find out what is possible/creative), FORMULATE
  g, DEVELOP, CREATE, IMPLEMENT, CONTROL,
  MANAGEMENT)

• LIU
• POLICY
• PLANNING
• MARKETING
• ORGANISATIONAL
• FINANCIAL
• HUMAN

Most important product analyze are
Analyze Synthesise implement
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TOURISM DEVELOPMENT(PEARCE)

• PROVISION OF
• FACILITIES AND SERVICES
• TO MEET
• THE NEEDS OF TOURISTS

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TOURISM DEVELOPMENT(LEW)

• A PROCESS THAT LEADS TO
• THE REALISATION OF
• TOURISM PRODUCTS AT
• DESTINATION AREAS

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TOURISM DEVELOPMENTTPDi..

• Tourism Development always seen as something
  PHYSICAL
• PRIMARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT there is a physical
  change in environment
• SECONDARY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT (e.g. TO develops
  new package using same physical elements no
  changes/ use elements already present)
• IN TPDi TOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IS ALWAYS.

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TOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT? Physical change?YES
or NO?

• CONSTRUCTION OF A HOTEL? yes
• MAKING AND LAUNCHING A NEW MARKETING PLAN? no
• REALISING A BEACH RESORT? yes
• COMPOSING A PACKAGE HOLIDAY? no
• REJUVENATING CRUISE PORT FACILITIES? yes
• TRAINING PERSONEL FOR HOTELS? no
• PROMOTING A BEACH RESORT? no

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TPD ProductLifeCycle

• ALL THE THINGS U NEED TO DO BEFORE U CAN START
  e.g.
• PREPARATION
• CONCEPTUAL THINKING
• GREAT IDEAS
• PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
• FUNDING
• PLANNING
• DESIGNING
• BUILDING (PERMISSION)
• FEASIBILITY STUDIES
• PROMOTION
• MARKET RESEARCH
• ETC.

• ALL THE THINGS U NEED TO DO TO KEEP THE ENGINE
  RUNNING F.E.
• EXPLOITATION
• REVITALISING
• CLIENT SATISFACTION
• HRM
• ETC.

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PLC TPDi
Tpd activities take place before the operational
phase and take place below the surface
Operational activities..
TPD-activities .
T -1
T 0
Time
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DESTINATIONCOMPLEXITY

• ACTOR VARIETY
• INTERDEPENDENCY
• SCALE
• PUBLIC PRIVAT Non Governmental Organizations
  (NGO S)
• MULTI OWNERSHIP
• With a destination theres complexity and many
  other elements/stakeholders play a role-context

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DESTINATIONCONTEXT

• INTERDEPENDENCY gtgt
• EXTERNAL DESTINATION ENVIRONMENT CONTEXT crucial
  for development
• SYSTEM CONTEXT

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TOURISM PRODUCTS COMPLEXITY CONTEXT CRUCIAL

• ONE
• INDIVIDUAL TOURISM PRODUCTELEMENT
• CAN ONLY BE JUDGED
• IN THE CONTEXT
• OF THE OTHER PRODUCTELEMENTS

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TPD HAS TO DO WITH

• UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYSING
• THE PRESENT
• THE PAST
• THE CONTEXT
• THE MARKETS
• gtgtgtgt
• All crucial to DESIGN THE FUTURE

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TOURISM PRODUCT (DESTINATION)COMPLEXITY

• INTERFACE gtgt SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICIES
• NATIONAL POLICIES
• LAND USE
• INTERFACE gtgt DIFFERENT MARKETS
• INTERNATIONAL
• DOMESTIC
• LOCAL
• INTERFACE gtgt COMPETING DESTINATIONS
• EVALUATING AND ANALYSING THE COMPETITION
• INTERFACE gtgt DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS
• DEVELOPERS
• INTERMEDIAIRS
• PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
• INTERFACE gtgt DEVELOPMENT ltgt CONSERVATION

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TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, SO
• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS NEEDED
• MEETING THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT
  COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO
  MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS
• SUSTAINABLE IS FAVORED BY
• CONSUMER PRESSURE
• PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
• INTERNATIONAL LOCAL CONSERVATION GROUPS
• SUSTAINABLE COUNTER FORCES dont look at
  sustainability
• DEVELOPERS ECONOMIC IMPARATIVE, PROFIT, ROI
• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOREIGN EXCHANGE,
  EMPLOYMENT ?these aspects are so important that
  they neglect the environment and dont look at
  sustainability just want tourism income fast.

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SUSTAINABILITYWHO CARES AND WHO SHOULD LEAD?

• WHO CARES STAKEHOLDERS!
• TOURISM ENTERPRISES
• LOCAL COMMUNITIES
• ENVIRONMENTALISTS
• TOURISTS
• WHO SHOULD LEAD? PUBLIC SECTOR BECAUSE
• Not TOURISM INDUSTRY(!) too FRAGMENTED
• SUSTAINABILITY RELATES TO AREAS OF PUBLIC
  CONCERN AIR, WATER, NATURAL AND CULTURAL
  HERITAGE, QUALITY OF LIFE
• PUBLIC SECTOR HAS THE TOOLS

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AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM development (WTO
2005)

• ECONOMIC VIABILITY
• LOCAL PROSPERITY
• EMPLOYMENT QUALITY
• SOCIAL EQUITY
• VISITOR FULFILLMENT
• LAND CONTROL
• COMMUNITY WELLBEING
• CULTURAL RICHNESS
• PHYSICAL INTEGRITY
• BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
• RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
• ENVIRONMENTAL PURITY
• SEE A PATTERN ?? ANYTHING NEW ?? All to do with
  economical, environmental and social-cultural
  impacts, both negative and positive. Still there
  is a focus on the economic side.
• TPD SHOULD..pay attention to sustainability

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Summary WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

• RELEVANCE OF TPD
• TOURISM PRODUCT ELEMENTS
• TOURISM SYSTEMS MM AND LIU, DIFFERENCES ETC
  (explain and connect both models)
• Know REASONS FOR SYSTEM APPROACH
• Know REASONS FOR COMPLEXITY
• Know IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT
• See RELEVANCE OF SUSTAINABILITY
• TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (Y/N) ACCORDING TO TPDi
• POSITION TPD RELATED TO PLC