World History

1
World History

• Unit 4
• Connecting Hemispheres
• 900 - 1800

2
Chapter 20The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 A.D.

• Section 1
• Spanish Conquests in the Americas

3
Spanish Conquests in the Americas

• Objectives
• To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas
  beginning with Columbus.
• To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by
  the Spanish.
• To identify the effects of Spanish colonization
  on the Americas.
• Vocabulary Christopher Columbus, colony,
  Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II,
  Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda

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Spanish Conquests in the Americas

• Columbus Voyages
• Goal trade route to Asia (west)
• gold and spices
• 1492 San Salvador
• los Indios
• 1493
• empire builder
• 17 ships, 100 settlers
• colonies
• Pedro Alvares Cabral - 1500
• Brazil for Portugal
• Amerigo Vespucci - 1507
• discovery of new world
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa - 1512
• 1st to gaze Pacific Ocean
• Ferdinand Magellan - 1519
• 1st to circumnavigate globe

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Exploration Voyages
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Spains American Empire

• Hernando Cortes - 1519
• conquistadors (conquerors)
• gold and silver
• Aztec Empire - 1521
• 600 men
• Tenochtitlan
• Aztec capital
• Montezuma II
• Aztec emperor
• Reasons for conquest
• weapons, allies, disease
• Francisco Pizarro - 1532
• 200 men vs. 30,000 men
• Atahaulpa
• Incan emperor

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Spains American Empire

• New World Society
• mestizos
• mixed Spanish / native people
• encomienda
• native labor system
• Brazil
• Portuguese sugar plantations
• Spanish Influence
• Florida, SW United States
• Santa Fe mission capital
• Bartolome de Las Casas
• advocate of natives
• Native Resistance
• 1680 Pope Rebellion
• Christian conversion

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Spanish Conquests in the Americas

• Objectives
• To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas
  beginning with Columbus.
• Columbus San Salvador, Cabral - Brazil, Magellan
  - globe
• To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by
  the Spanish.
• Cortez - Mexico-Aztec conquest, Pizarro -
  Peru-Inca conquest, disease and slavery decimate
  native populations
• To identify the effects of Spanish colonization
  on the Americas.
• Spanish advance to N. America, missionaries
  establish Catholic missions, Native American
  peoples resist colonization
• Vocabulary Christopher Columbus, colony,
  Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II,
  Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda

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Assessment

• 1) Columbus 1st named island
• 2) main reason for Columbus 2nd voyage
• 3) lands controlled by another nation
• 4) he claimed Brazil for Portugal
• 5) new continent America named for him
• 6) 1st to circumnavigate the earth
• 7) he conquered the Aztec Empire
• 8) this term means conquerors
• 9) he conquered the Incan Empire
• 10) define encomienda

• 1) San Salvador
• 2) Spanish settlement
• 3) colonies
• 4) Pedro Alvares Cabral
• 5) Amerigo Vespucci
• 6) Ferdinand Magellan
• 7) Hernando Cortes
• 8) conquistadors
• 9) Francisco Pizarro
• 10) native labor system

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Chapter 20The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 A.D.

• Section 2
• Competing Claims in North America

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Competing Claims in North America

• Objectives
• To identify the French, English, and Dutch
  colonial activities in North America.
• To summarize competing claims in North America.
• To describe the Native American response to the
  land claims made by Europeans.
• Vocabulary New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims,
  Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian War,
  Metacom

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Competing Claims in N. America

• Settling North America
• route to Asia
• settle for trade / colonies
• New France
• Jacques Cartier
• St. Lawrence, Montreal
• Samuel de Champlain - 1608
• Quebec
• Sieur de La Salle - 1683
• Louisiana
• fur trade over colonies
• midwest U.S. E. Canada
• England
• Jamestown - 1607
• gold
• 70 death rate
• 1st permanent settlement

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Competing Claims in N. America

• Puritan New England
• Pilgrims - 1620
• Plymouth
• separatists
• Puritans - 1630
• Massachusetts Bay
• purify
• families
• Dutch
• Henry Hudson - 1609
• Hudson Bay
• Dutch West India Co. - 1621
• New Netherland
• N. American holdings
• trade
• diversity

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Dutch Hudson Bay Company
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Competing Claims in N. America

• Fight For N. America
• James, Duke of York - 1664
• ousts Dutch (New York)
• English colonists
• 1.3M by 1750
• French and Indian War
• 1754-1763
• Seven Years War
• English defeat French
• England gets E. North America
• Spain gets Louisiana
• Dutch French / Indians
• trade alliance
• English / Indians
• land and religion
• Metacom
• King Philips War

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French and Indian Wars
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Competing Claims in North America

• Objectives
• To identify the French, English, and Dutch
  colonial activities in North America.
• French - St. Lawrence and Mississippi, fur trade
  English - Jamestown, religious freedom Dutch -
  diverse population
• To summarize competing claims in North America.
• English drive Dutch from New Netherland English
  defeat French in Seven Years War
• To describe the Native American response to the
  land claims made by Europeans.
• French Dutch trade with natives English
  colonies conflict Metacom / English in King
  Philips war disease decimation
• Vocabulary New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims,
  Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian War,
  Metacom

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Assessment

• 1) What passage were Europeans looking for?
• 2) founded French colony at Quebec
• 3) French / Dutch traded natives for these
• 4) 1st permanent English settlement
• 5) wanted to separate from the English church
• 6) religious reformers who founded colony at
  Massachusetts Bay
• 7) Dutch colony that would later be New York
• 8) the Europeans who had the most colonists by
  1750
• 9) the winners in the French and Indian War
• 10) Indian also known as King Philip

• 1) western route to Asia
• 2) Champlain
• 3) beaver furs
• 4) Jamestown
• 5) Pilgrims
• 6) Puritans
• 7) New Netherland
• 8) English
• 9) England
• 10) Metacom

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Chapter 20The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 A.D.

• Section 3
• The Atlantic Slave Trade

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The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Objectives
• To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.
• To describe the triangular trade and the middle
  passage.
• To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
• To identify the consequences of the Atlantic
  slave trade.
• Vocabulary Atlantic slave trade, triangular
  trade, middle passage

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The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Evolution of Slavery
• Africa
• minor institution
• Islam - 7th century
• non-Muslim POWs
• 4.8 million slaves
• men - military
• women - domestic servants
• not hereditary
• European Colonies
• mines and plantations
• Advantages
• immunity to European diseases
• experience in farming
• less likely to escape

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The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Atlantic Slave Trade
• buying and selling of Africans for work in the
  Americas
• 1500-1600 300,000
• 1600-1700 1.5 million
• 1700-1870 9.5 million
• Spain
• 1511 - 1st to import slaves
• mines and plantations
• Portugal
• Brazilian sugar plantations
• 3.6 million
• Caribbean
• sugar, tobacco, coffee
• North America
• 400,000 imported slaves

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The Atlantic Slave Trade
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The Atlantic Slave Trade

• African Rulers
• Africans captured inland
• Slave port cities
• gold, guns, metal tools
• Triangular Trade
• Europe to Africa
• slaves
• Africa to Americas
• sugar, coffee, tobacco
• Americas to Europe
• Middle Passage
• 250-300 per ship
• 20 death rate
• disease, suicide, executions

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The Atlantic Slave Trade
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The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Slavery in America
• highest bidder
• mines, fields, domestics
• hereditary
• Resistance
• sabotage, slowdowns, escape, rebellions
• Consequences
• lost generations
• families torn apart
• introduction of firearms
• economic development
• cultural diffusion
• mixed populations

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The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Objectives
• To summarize the evolution of the slave trade.
• Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, and England
  import slaves Many Africans profit, some rulers
  oppose
• To describe the triangular trade and the middle
  passage.
• Europe, to Africa, to AmericasMiddle
  passagemillions of slaves
• 1 in 5 African slaves die in middle passage
• To describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
• Africans sold for work on plantations or mines
  slaves resist through sabotage, uprisings,
  escape, and heritage preservation
• To identify the consequences of the Atlantic
  slave trade.
• African families torn apart loss of African
  generations Americas economies prosper
  multicultural Americas populations
• Vocabulary Atlantic slave trade, triangular
  trade, middle passage