Violence and Abuse

1
Chapter 14

• Violence and Abuse
• in Relationships

2
Chapter Outline

• Types and Incidence of Abuse
• Explanations for Violence/Abuse in Relationships
• Abuse in Dating Relationships
• Abuse in Marriage Relationships
• Effects of Abuse

3
Chapter Outline

• The Cycle of Abuse
• General Child Abuse
• Child Sexual Abuse
• Parent, Sibling, and Elder Abuse

4
The Cycle of Abuse
5
True or False?

• As of 2006, a Pentagon survey of the Army, Navy
  and Air Force military academies reported virtual
  elimination of sexual harassment of women.

6
Answer False

• Half of the women in the Army, Navy and Air Force
  academies in a 2004 Pentagon survey reported
  being sexually harassed.

7
True or False?

• Women are as likely to stalk a former lover as a
  man.

8
Answer False

• In about 80 of the cases, the stalker is a
  heterosexual male who follows his previous lover.
  Women who stalk are more likely to target a
  married male.

9
True or False?

• Women in abusive relationships report more
  psychological symptoms (depression/anxiety) than
  men in abusive relationships.

10
Answer True

• Women in abusive relationships report more
  psychological symptoms (depression/anxiety) than
  men in abusive relationships.

11
Abuse

• Violence (physical abuse)
• The intentional infliction of physical harm by
  either partner on the other.
• Emotional abuse
• Designed to denigrate the partner, reduce the
  partners status, and make the partner
  vulnerable, so the abuser has more control.

12
Uxoricide

• Pg. 396

• Lacy Peterson was the victim of uxoricide at the
  hands of Scott Peterson, who was convicted and
  sentenced to death.

13
Examples of Emotional Abuse

• Calling the partner obese, stupid, crazy, ugly.
• Controlling the money to ensure dependence.
• Threatening to harm ones self if the partner
  leaves.
• Threatening to harm ones children or take them
  away.
• Demeaning or insulting the partner in front of
  others.
• Threatening to harm the partner, the partners
  relatives, or the partners pets.

14
Question

• The intentional infliction of physical harm is
  called
• violence.
• abuse.
• rape.
• neglect.

15
Answer A

• The intentional infliction of physical harm is
  called violence.

16
Stalking

• Willful, repeated, and malicious following or
  harassment of another person.
• In about 80 of the cases, the stalker is a
  heterosexual male who follows his previous lover.
• Women who stalk are more likely to target a
  married male.

17
Relationship Violence/Abuse Cultural Factors

• Violence in the Media
• Corporal Punishment
• Gender Inequality
• View of Women and Children as Property
• Stress

18
Relationship Violence/Abuse Community Factors

• Social Isolation
• Poverty
• Inaccessible or Unaffordable Community Services
• Lack of Violence Prevention Programs

19
Relationship Violence/Abuse Individual Factors

• Psychopathology
• Personality Factors
• Alcohol and Other Drug Use

20
Relationship Violence/Abuse Personality Factors

• Individual Factors
• Personality Factors

• Dependency
• Jealousy
• Need to control
• Unhappiness and dissatisfaction
• Anger and aggressiveness

• Quick involvement
• Blaming others for problems
• Jekyll-and-Hyde personality
• Isolation
• Other factors

21
Relationship Violence/Abuse Family Factors

• Child Abuse in Family of Origin
• Parents Who Abused Each Other

22
Abuse in Dating Relationships

• Acquaintance rape is nonconsensual sex between
  adults who know each other.
• Date rape refers to nonconsensual sex between
  people who are dating or on a date.
• RophypnolDate Rape Drug causes profound,
  prolonged sedation and short-term memory loss.

23
INSERT VIDEO

• 4. Teens in Abusive Relationships (Run time 623)

24
Abuse in Marriage Relationships

• General Abuse
• The ways in which spouses are abusive toward each
  other resemble the abusive behavior of unmarried
  couples.
• Rape
• 10 of married women in a Boston survey reported
  that they had been raped by their husbands.

25
Effects of Partner Abuse on Victims

• Physical injury.
• Fear
• feelings of helplessness
• confusion
• Isolation
• Humiliation

• Anxiety
• stress-induced illness
• symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
• suicide attempts.

26
Effects of Partner Abuse on Children

• QuestionSome women are abused during their
  pregnancy, resulting in a high rate of
  miscarriage and birth defects.
• Negative effects may also accrue to children who
  witness domestic abuse.
• It is not unusual for children to observe and
  become involved in adult domestic violence.

27
Child Abuse and Neglect Cases 2003
28
Question

• Which of the following is not a factor in
  domestic abuse?
• abuse in the family of origin
• egalitarian gender roles
• cultural tolerance of violence
• violence seen as a way to solve problems

29
Answer B

• Egalitarian gender roles is not a factor in
  domestic abuse.

30
Should You End an Abusive Marital Relationship?

• Those opting for divorce felt they couldnt live
  with someone who had abused or would abuse them.
• Others felt that marriage was too strong a
  commitment to end if the abuse could be stopped.

31
Why People Stay in Abusive Relationships

• Love
• Emotional dependency
• Commitment to the relationship
• Hope

• View of violence as legitimate
• Guilt
• Fear
• Economic dependence
• Isolation

32
Disengaging from an Abusive Relationship

• The catalyst for breaking free combines
• sustained aversiveness of staying
• perception that she and her children will be
  harmed by staying
• awareness of an alternative path

33
INSERT VIDEO

• 12. Woman Survives Amazing Tale of Abuse(Run
  Time 1601)

34
Treatment of Partner Abusers

• Treatment involves
• teaching responsibility for their abusive
  behavior
• developing empathy for their partners
  victimization
• reducing their dependency on their partners
• improving their communication skills

35
Question

• What is the key factor for staying in an abusive
  relationship?
• guilt
• feeling stuck
• emotional dependence and love
• financial dependency

36
Answer C

• Emotional dependence and love is the key factor
  for staying in an abusive relationship.

37
Question

• What is a characteristic of a woman who leaves an
  abusive relationship?
• isolation from family
• disengaging from the husband
• dependence on husband
• feeling they deserved the abuse

38
Answer B

• Disengaging from the husband is a characteristic
  of a woman who leaves an abusive relationship.

39
General Child Abuse

• Child abuse is interaction or lack of interaction
  between a child and his or her parents or
  caregiver that results in nonaccidental harm to
  the childs physical or psychological well-being.
• Child abuse includes physical abuse, verbal
  abuse, and neglect.

40
Child Abuse Contributing Factors

• Parental psychopathology
• Unrealistic expectations
• History of abuse
• Displacement of aggression
• Social isolation
• Fatherless homes

41
Child Abuse Other Factors

• The pregnancy is premarital or unplanned, and the
  father or mother does not want the child.
• The child suffers from developmental disabilities
  or mental retardation.
• The parents are unemployed.
• Abuse between the husband and wife is present.
• The children are adopted or are foster children.

42
Effects of Child Abuse

• Few close social relationships
• Inability to love or trust
• Communication problems and learning disabilities
• Aggression, low self-esteem, depression, and low
  academic achievement
• Physical injuries
• Increased risk of alcohol or substance abuse and
  suicidal tendencies as adults
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

43
Child Sexual Abuse

• In extrafamilial child sexual abuse the
  perpetrator is someone outside the family.
• A more frequent type of child sexual abuse is
  intrafamilial child sexual abuse (formerly
  referred to in professional literature as incest).

44
Megans Law

• Pg. 416

• The rape and murder of 7-year old Megan Kanka
  resulted in Megans Law.

45
Strategies to Reduce Child Sexual Abuse

• Regendering cultural roles
• Providing specific information on sex abuse
• Improving the safety of neighborhoods
• Providing sexuality education at school
• Promoting public awareness campaigns

46
Your Opinion

• To what degree do you believe that convicted
  child molesters who have served a prison sentence
  should be free to live wherever they like without
  neighbors being aware of their past?

47
Parent and Sibling Abuse

• Parent Abuse
• It is not uncommon for teenage and younger
  children to physically and verbally lash out at
  their parents.
• Sibling Abuse
• Most incidents of sibling violence consist of
  slaps, pushes, kicks, bites, and punches.

48
Elder Abuse

• Neglect
• Physical abuse
• Psychological abuse
• Social abuse
• Legal abuse

49
Elder Abuse

• If you suspect elder abuse or are concerned about
  the well-being of an older person, call your
  state abuse hotline immediately.

• Pg. 418