Yves Morier

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UAV EASA and ICAO activities

• Presentation by
• Y Morier
• EASA

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Contents of the presentation

• EASA activities
• The Advance-Notice of Proposed Amendment (A-NPA)
• The Policy
• The Comment Response Document (CRD)
• Related EASA rulemaking
• Contacts with other organisations
• ICAO activities
• Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA
  consultation
• Issues within EASA remit
• Issues outside EASA remit
• Summary-conclusion

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EASA activities

• The A-NPA
• A-NPA 16/2005 issued on 7 November 2005
• available on the EASA web-site
• http//www.easa.europa.eu/home/r_archives.html
• Consultation closed on 7 February 2006
• Basis for the A-NPA
• Report of the JAA and EUROCONTROL joint
  initiative on UAV (UAV Task-Force report)
• http//www.easa.europa.eu/home/r_archives.html
• Purpose of the A-NPA
• Envisage a policy for UAV systems certification
• Solicit comments on specific points

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EASA activities

• The policy (I)
• Scope
• UAV systems with a maximum take-off mass of 150
  kg or more which are not excluded by Article
  1(2) or Article 4(2) and Annex II of EC
  Regulation 1592/2002.
• Objectives
• Airworthiness (protection of people and property
  on the ground) environmental protection (ICAO
  annex 16)
• Definitions
• insist on UAV system

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EASA activities

• The policy (II)
• Procedure for UAV systems certification Part 21
  is applicable
• Type certificate
• Part 21 A.17 type certification basis
• Design organisation approval for designer
• Production organisation approval for manufacturer
• Certificate of airworthiness and Noise
  certificates for individual UAV
• Restricted certificate of airworthiness may be
  issued for operations in remote areas

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EASA activities

• The policy (III)
• UAV system elements to be included in the type
  certification basis
• Any function and associated equipments that can
  prejudice continued safe flight and landing or
  environmental compatibility
• Typical list is provide in attachment 1 of the
  policy

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EASA activities

• The policy (IV)
• Type Certification basis
• Adapted from existing Certification Specification
  (CS) for manned aircraft
• Methodology to select appropriate CS.
• Tailoring for UAV of selected CS
• UAV system safety assessment
• Special conditions
• emergency recovery capability
• communication link
• level of autonomy
• human machine interface
• Others
• Detailed guidance is contained into attachment 2
  to the policy

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EASA activities

• The policy (IV)
• Continuing airworthiness
• Part M is applicable
• Environmental protection
• Noise appropriate chapters of annex 16 volume I
• Need for adaptation for UAV specific use
• Gaseous emissions and fuel venting annex 16
  volume II

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EASA activities

• The Comment Response Document was published on
  06/12/2007 http//www.easa.europa.eu/home/r_crd.h
  tml
• The Agency acknowledge the significant delay
  compared to initial previsions
• Majority of comments concur that the option
  chosen by the Agency to develop a policy for UAV
  certification within the constraints described in
  the A-NPA is a step in the right direction.
• Open for reactions until 06/02/2008.

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EASA activities

• Related EASA rulemaking
• Extension of scope to Operation, flight crew
  licensing and third countries aircraft was
  adopted by the Council on Wednesday.
• Opinion for aerodromes was issued in December
  2007
• NPA for ATM/ANS was published in December 2007
• Legislative proposal for both could be issued by
  the Commission in June 2008
• EASA remit fully complete by say 2012?

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EASA activities

• Contacts with other organisations
• Contacts are established with ICAO, FAA,
  EUROCONTROL, EUROCAE, Transport Canada, European
  Defence Agency and NATO

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ICAO activities

• ICAO has established a Unmanned Aircraft System
  Study Group (UASSG)
• Request for participation was sent by State
  letter AN 13/55 - IND/07/19 dated 24/08/2007
• EASA will participate
• First meeting of UASSG is scheduled for spring
  2008?

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Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation

• Issues fully within the present EASA remit (I)
• Conventional versus safety target approach for
  certification
• Conventional approach retained
• The two alternatives for selecting the manned CS
• Kinetic energy method retained
• UAV system safety analysis
• Quantitative level as in selected CS for first
  issue of the Policy
• Ask EUROCAE WG-73 to develop further guidance

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Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation

• Issues fully within the present EASA remit (II)
• Need for DOA
• Possible alleviation for light UAV
• Certificate of airworthiness and control stations
• Certificate of airworthiness covers one air
  vehicle and one control station
• Environment
• Stick to ICAO Annex 16 keeping in mind that
  turbo-jet powered UAV with short take-off
  distances and/ or special missions may
  necessitate specific measures.
• UAV or UAS?
• UAS

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Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation

• Issues fully within the present EASA remit way
  forward
• Short term
• Review the reactions
• When appropriate modify the policy
• Publish the policy
• Further development of the policy
• several tasks proposed to the EUROCAE WG-73 as
  described in the previous slides

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Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation

• Issues outside the EASA present remit (I)
• sense and avoid
• Still not part of the Policy
• To develop a special condition using EUROCONTROL
  specification relative to military UAV used in
  operational air traffic outside segregated
  airspace
• Agency will request EUROCAE WG 73 to develop the
  special condition
• Total system approach as proposed by Sweden
• Attractive concept but goes beyond UAV
  certification
• Deserve further study

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Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation

• Issues outside the EASA present remit (II)
• Security
• Key issue but not within EASA remit
• Safety impacts of security systems are within
  EASA remit
• Coordination with military working group on UAV
• Importance recognised
• USAR version 3 and most likely STANAG 4671 can
  be used with certain limitations
• UAV below 150 KG
• Coordination between Member States using EUROCAE
  WG-73 is encouraged

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Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation

• Issues outside the EASA present remit way
  forward
• regulatory framework for UAV Role of EASA and
  development of a comprehensive framework for UAV
  regulations
• Create a group to identify building blocks and
  road map for a comprehensive framework for UAV
  regulation
• Do we have the road map yet?
• The group should report to the Commission
  because the Commission is competent for all
  issues related to UAV regulation. It should
  include the main players and take into account
  existing or planned activities. A specific task
  for the group would be to develop regulatory
  impact assessment (in particular safety case).
• The group should allocate responsibilities so
  that each player (E.g. EASA, EUROCONTROL) is
  responsible to organise its work. The group may
  also organise further studies as appropriate
  (e.g. Total System Approach, Safety Target
  approach)

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Summary-Conclusions

• EASA activities have be summed-up
• ICAO activities have been outlined
• A list of significant issues has be highlighted
• EASA ready to cooperate and contribute to the
  development of a comprehensive UAV regulatory
  framework.

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End of presentation

• THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
• YOUR QUESTIONS ARE WELCOME
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