Title: GENETICS
1GENETICS
2(No Transcript)
3(No Transcript)
4(No Transcript)
5GREGOR MENDEL (1822- 1884)
6(No Transcript)
7(No Transcript)
8(No Transcript)
9Self Fertilization Offspring Purebred
10Cross Fertilization Offspring Hybrid
11CROSS POLLINATION
12(No Transcript)
13HYBRID
COCKER SPANIEL POODLE
COCKAPOO
14HYBRID
PUG BEAGLE
PUGGLE
15HYBRID
DOG AND WOLF
16Liger
male lion and a female tiger
17Peas!
18GENETIC TERMINOLOGY
- Genotype
- Phenotype
- Trait
- Allele
- Dominant
- Recessive
- Homozygous
- Heterozygous
19Dominant and Recessive Alleles
- Dominant allele- trait is always expressed if
present - - Written as capital letter
- - Ex. Tall T
- Recessive allele- only expressed if no dominant
allele is present - (Dominant allele masks this one)
- - For a particular trait written as the
same letter but lower case - - Ex. Short t
20- Genotype- the genes you get from your parents
- Two letters represent the two alleles
- One from mom one from dad
- TT, Tt, tt
- Phenotype- the physical trait, what you look like
- Tall short, yellow or green
- TT, tt what is the phenotype??
21- Homozygous - the same alleles for a gene
- TT, tt
- Heterozygous - having different alleles for a
gene - Tt
22Trait Height
TALL
SHORT
? alleles ?
23(No Transcript)
24Gene- unit of inherited information in DNA
Allele- alternative form of a gene ( white
purple)
Flower Color Trait
25Test Cross- mate an unknown genotype ( TT or Tt)
with homozygous recessive (tt)
26Reginald Punnett
27(No Transcript)
28(No Transcript)
29In Starfish being red is dominant over being
pink. What would Patricks phenotype be? What
would his genotype be?
30Because Patrick is pink his phenotype is
PINK And since pink is recessive his genotype
would be rr
31Red is dominant over pink Suppose we had a
HETEROZYGOUS red starfish what would the genotype
be?
32Rr
33Lets do some MONOHYBRID CROSSES!Monohybrid
means we are only using ONE TRAIT
34STEP by STEP
- Select a good letter to use
- Write down your givens
- Determine parents and record
- Set up Punnett Square
- Determine genotypes phenotypes of offspring
- (use percentages or fractions)
35In pea plants being Tall is dominant over being
shortCross a Heterozygous Tall plant with a
Homozygous Tall plant
36Aa x AA
Geno 50 AA 50 Aa Pheno 100 Tall
A
A
A
37In sponges, being blue is dominant over being
yellow. Cross a heterozygous blue sponge with a
yellow one.
38Heterozygous Blue Bb Recessive Yellow bb so
we cross Bb x bb
39Time for some LOONEY Monohybrid Crosses on your
own!
40Red is dominant over Blue
41T EST C R O S S
42MENDELS LAWS
- Dominance Recessiveness
- Segregation
- Independent Assortment
43PEDIGREE
male
female