Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems

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Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems

• From Little ? to
  Big, ?
  Its on the Taks
• Another Whaddaya Need to Know to Pass the Taks
  presentation

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Credits

• This presentation contains sample Taks questions
  from released Taks tests with explanations. This
  power-point presentation can be printed with both
  the question and answer to a given question on a
  single page.

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• Like humans, plants have cells, tissues , organs,
  and systems.
• Leaves are expanded surface areas for
  photosynthesis.
• Through transpiration, CO2 enters and Oxygen
  water vapor exits the leaf.
• The openings that allows transpiration are the
  stomata.

• The answer is D!

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Throw me a bone!

• Muscle cells make up muscle tissue. These are
  incorporated into muscles in the muscular system
• Muscles can occur as antagonist pairs.
• Muscles only contract (not press or push).
• In the arm, the triceps on the back of the
  humerus contract to extend the arm.
• The biceps on the front contract to raise the
  arm, i.e. Curling weights.

• The answer is C!

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• The excretory system controls the loss of water.
• The kidneys extract water from urine and the
  large intestine extracts water from solid wastes.
• The immune system fights prevents infections.
• The skin is your first line of defense, and white
  blood cells attack invaders throughout the body.
• The integumentary system includes connective
  tissue
• Tendons Ligaments, etc.
• The respiratory system includes the lungs and air
  passages.
• The respiratory system loads the blood with
  oxygen and rids the blood of carbon dioxide all
  through free gas exchange.

• The answer is C!

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• Cells have organelles that perform specific
  functions.
• Lysosomes aid in the digestion of molecules and
  damaged organelles.
• Plastids store and synthesize molecules like
  starches and fatty acids, etc.
• Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis.
• Mitochondria are the sites of cellular
  respiration.
• The mitochondria takes sugars from the digestive
  system, and oxygen from the respiratory system,
  both delivered by the circulatory system, and
  converts them into energy, with CO2 H2O as
  waste products.

• The answer is A!

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• The Skeletal systems provides for support,
  protection, and sites for muscle attachment.
• Again, the Respiratory system loads blood with
  oxygen and rids the blood of carbon dioxide.
• The Reproductive system allows the organism to
  reproduce to continue the species existence.
• The Digestive system breaks down food for use by
  the body.

• The answer is F!

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• Cells have specific roles within the body.
• Red blood cells carry oxygen through the
  circulatory system to the cells of the body, and
  carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
• GABA receptor cells recognize an inhibitory
  neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
• The liver is an organ that serves in
  detoxification, glycogen storage, plasma protein
  synthesis, and the production of bile that aids
  in digestion.
• Helper T-Cells work in the immune system to
  identify infections in the body.

• The answer is F!

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• Helper T-Cells work in the immune system to
  identify infections in the body.

• The answer is B!

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• Without functioning Helper T-Cells, the immune
  system to can not identify infections in the
  body.
• A virus like the flu could kill before the
  weakened immune system could resist.
• In this manner, subjects with HIV do not actually
  die due to AIDS, but due to a secondary infection
  such as the Flu.

• The answer is C!

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16 A portion of the human excretory system is
represented in the diagram. The order in which
urine flows through the system is F urethra ?
bladder ? ureter ? kidney G ureter ? kidney ?
bladder ? urethra H kidney ? ureter ? bladder ?
urethra J bladder ? urethra ? kidney ? ureter
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• The kidney rids the body of nitrogenous wastes by
  excreting urine.
• The kidney aids in the excretory system by
  retaining water.
• Urine is stored in the bladder, and excreted
  through the urethra.

• The answer is H!

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• Nutrients from digested food are absorbed in the
  small intestine into the circulatory system.

• The answer is A!

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• Food is digested into usable glucose, proteins,
  lipids, vitamins, etc, that does the body little
  good without the circulatory system.
• The circulatory takes the products of digestion
  to the cells of the body, and takes the metabolic
  wastes away.

• The answer is G!

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Throw me a bone!

• Muscles contract to move bones and provide
  locomotion.

• The answer is J!

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• This is a neuron. Neurons are composed of axons
  and dendrites. Between each neuron is a gap
  called a synapse. A chemical such as
  acetylcholine serves as a neurotransmitter to
  allow the signal from the axon of one neuron to
  pass to the dendrite of the next. These cells are
  found in the nervous system.

• The answer is D!

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• Just as each body system works together to
  maintain equilibrium, the organelles of each cell
  work to maintain homeostasis within the cell.

• The answer is D!

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• Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrying molecule in red
  blood cells.
• The nervous system is made up of the brain, the
  spinal cord, and nerves. One of the most
  important systems in your body, the nervous
  system is your body's control system.
• The endocrine system is made up of a group of
  glands that produce the body's long-distance
  messengers, or hormones.
• The respiratory system brings air into the body
  and removes carbon dioxide. It includes the nose,
  trachea, and lungs.
• The circulatory system is the body's transport
  system. It is made up of a group of organs that
  transport blood throughout the body.

• The answer is A!

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Take a look this cat!

• Every cell except for the gametes has a complete
  copy of DNA.
• Regardless of the body system, organ, or tissue
  in which the cell is located, the DNA contains a
  copy of every gene.

• The answer is D!

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Throw me a bone!

• So, how do pelicans wings move? How do your arms
  move?
• A signal is sent through nerves from the brain to
  the wings so that muscles contract and move the
  bones in the wings.

• The answer is B!

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• Heat requires energy. The powerhouse of the cell
  is the mitochondria.
• The mitochondria is the organelle in the cell
  that converts sugar and oxygen into ATP for
  energy.
• Even ill-tempered swordfish would need more
  mitochondria to warm their brains.

• The answer is B!

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• Again, the mitochondria is the energy center of
  the cell. More specifically, the mitochondria is
  the site of ATP synthesis. Said another way, the
  mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration.
• Tissues requiring more energy would be composed
  of cells with more mitochondria.

• The answer is A!

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• The endocrine system is made up of a group of
  glands that produce the body's long-distance
  messengers, or hormones.
• The respiratory system brings air into the body
  and removes carbon dioxide. It includes the nose,
  trachea, and lungs.
• Asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory
  system.

• The answer is G!

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• The cell is dividing.
• In unicellular organisms like bacteria, cell
  division is used for asexual reproduction.
• This is called Binary Fission, because one single
  celled organism divides to form two organisms.

• The answer is D!

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Throw me a bone!

• Marrow is found in bones
• Bones are in the skeletal system

• The answer is J!

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• The excretory system prevents the loss of water
  during excretion of urine and solid wastes.
• This is extremely important, as water loss due to
  disease causing diarrhea can be deadly,
  especially in the young.
• In times of stress when fluids are not available,
  the excretory system limits the amount of water
  excreted.

• The answer is G!

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• Cells in all organisms continually strive for
  equilibrium.
• Cells placed in a solution with more salt
  (hypertonic) will shrink.
• Cells place in a solution with less salt
  (hypotonic) will swell.
• Cells placed in a solution of the same salt
  concentration will remain at equilibrium.

• The answer is D!

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• How do we chew? How is food moved from the mouth
  to the stomach?
• Muscles!
• Muscles are move the mandible up and down,
  lingual muscles and the tongue move food toward
  the throat where peristaltic muscular contraction
  move the food to the stomach.

• The answer is C!

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• Cells are the smallest unit of life. Cells
  working together form tissues, tissues form
  organs, organs working together form systems, and
  all the systems form the organism. All of these
  work in concert to maintain homeostasis. All
  Systems are important, regardless of their size
  or prominence.