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Islam is Politics

• -Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran 1979

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EGYPT

• Gamal Abdel Nasser
• Egypt still in control of Suez Canal

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Iran
Shah Pahlavi

• Oil is a major resource-British run company
  controlled Irans oil
• 1951 Iranian Parliament named Mohammad Mosaddeq
  prime minister and nationalized the Iranian Oil
  Industry
• Iran was ruled by a shah or king-Mosaddeq worked
  to reduce power of monarchy
• Mosaddeq was overthrown and Shah returned to
  power
• The shah also made social reforms like giving
  rights to women and he tried to secularize the
  govt.

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Iranian Revolution, 1979
Shah with US Pres. Carter

• Many Muslims did not like the Shah (leader) of
  Iran because of his connections to the West and
  his new reforms
• Majority of Iranians were poor
• Fundamentalists viewed
• shah as a traitor to Islam

Riots begin
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Islamic Fundamentalism

• Movement to reorder government and society
  according to Islamic laws
• Islamists believe that Muslim countries have
  strayed from the path of true Islam by following
  Western models of political and economic
  development
• Violence

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Ayatollah Khomeini

• In 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini, a Shiite Muslim,
  led a Revolution to overthrow the Shah
• Set up a theocracy
• govt. run by
• religious leaders

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American Hostage Crisis

• During the Revolution, Radical Muslim Students
  seized the U.S Embassy and held 66 Americans
  hostage for 444 days.
• The hostage crisis severely damaged the US/Iran
  relationship

Hostages
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Iran Islamic State

• Khomeini set up an Islamic State headed by
  himself as Supreme Religious Leader
• Religious leaders controlled the military, made
  laws, courts, and education.
• Public Morality was enforced
• No mingling of opposite sexes
• Women must veil
• themselves in public
• Alcohol was banned

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Islamic Laws in Action
Stoning
Executions
Lashing
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Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

• Iraq (Saddam Hussein-dictator) attacked Iran
  because of border disputes
• Hoped to take advantage of
• revolutionary chaos
• 500,000 dead on both sides.
• Iraq used chemical weapons
• Iran and Iraq agreed to a
• cease-fire

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Iran Today

• In Iran today, many young people are demanding
  more freedoms in Iran
• Protests
• Freedoms
• Voting Rights
• Moral Rights
• Economic Rights
• Freedom of Entertainment
• Less Oppression

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The Persian Gulf War

• In 1990 Iraq accused neighboring Kuwait of
  drilling into an Iraqi oil field and stealing oil
• Iraq attacked Kuwait
• U.S.-led coalition launched the Persian Gulf War-
  attacked the Iraqi forces in Kuwait
• In weeks, Kuwait was freed.
• After the war
• the UN continued its economic sanctions
• insisted that Iraq destroy its chemical and
  biological weapons
• Also to agree not to develop nuclear weapons.
• But Iraq failed to fully cooperate with UN
  weapons inspectors

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Terrorism and Islam

• Terrorism
• Uses violence to achieve a political or religious
  end (terrorist someone who commits terrorism)
• Quran does not allow the killing of innocents or
  suicide
• Terrorists believe they are jihadists die in
  defense of religion, become martyrs
• Jihad
• Striving or Struggling in the Way of God

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9/11

• Terrorists hijacked four passenger airplanes and
  crashed them into the WTC and the Pentagon
• The fourth crashed in rural PA
• Nearly 3,000 died

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Osama Bin Laden
Al Qaeda
Taliban in Afghanistan
The USS Cole bombing was a suicide attack against
the United States Navy destroyer USS Cole on
October 12, 2000
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War on Terror

• U.S. targeted al Qaeda and the Taliban
• Taliban-group that was governing Afghanistan
  according to strict interpretation of Islamic law
• 2001-U.S. forced Taliban out of Afghanistan
• Osama Bin Laden was shot and killed on May 2,
  2011 by U.S. Navy Seals and CIA

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The Iraq War-2003

• U.S. leaders worried that Hussein might have
  deadly weapons that he could give to terrorists
• Another U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq, quickly
  forcing Hussein out of power.
• American weapon inspectors failed to find
  stockpiles of biological or chemical weapons or
  evidence proving Hussein had a role in 9/11
• Insurgency ensued

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Saddam shortly after capture by American forces, and after being shaved to confirm his identity December 2003
Statue of Saddam Hussein being toppled in Firdos
Square after the US invasion of Iraq
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Iraq Timeline

• 2004 political power was transferred to the
  Iraqis
• 2005 Iraqis voted in the countrys first
  multiparty election in 50 years and later
  approved a new constitution that would make Iraq
  an Islamic federal democracy
• November 5th, 2006-Saddam Hussein was found
  guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced
  to death by hanging. (Dec. 30, 2006)
• All US Forces were mandated to withdraw from
  Iraqi territory by December 31, 2011 under the
  agreement signed in 2008 by President
  Bush-completed on December 18, 2011