A Brief Look on Iranian S

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A Brief Look on Iranian ST Indicators

• Country Report for
• International Conference on ST Policy Research
  and Statistical Indicators
• 8-10 Nov. 2006 Colombo, Sri Lanka
• Ministry of Science, Research and Technology
  (MSRT)
• Iranian Research Organization for Science and
  Technology (IROST)
• Prepared by
• Dr. S.M. Masoumzadeh

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Introduction

• Iran has relatively developed its own science and
  technology infrastructure compared to other
  developing countries in the region.
• It also built up a significant industrial base,
  mainly by licensing technology from abroad.
• The export of high-tech industrial products is
  narrow.

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Introduction Cont.

• Iran has pursued a development strategy of
  self-reliance with some degree of success.
• Iran needs to shift towards a more
  knowledge-based economy. It needs to improve the
  performance of its national innovation system.
• Iran has to make serious effort to promote its
  ST indicators.

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Economic Indicators

• Population 69.7 Millions
• Growth Rate 1.29 annually
• Urban 66
• Total adult literacy rate 77.3 (men 83, women
  70)
• Share of Education expenditures of GDP 11.3
• 20 million students at schools

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Economic Indicators (Cont.)

• Near 2 million university students
• GDP 177.9 billions
• Non-oil Exports around 10 billions
• Major exports petrochemicals, carpet,
  agricultural and fisheries products
• Government controls over 80 of the economy

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Contribution of different sectors in GDP ()
Source World Development Indicators, 2005
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Structure of Manufacturing

• Iranian industries include handicrafts, small
  rural and urban workshops, large-scale consumer
  goods, and modern heavy industries.
• Small industrial workshop is those employing 9
  individuals or fewer both in rural and urban
  areas.
• Large-scale manufacturing enterprises are defined
  as those employing 10 or more workers.

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Structure of Manufacturing(Cont.)

• This sector comprises of 9 major groups
• Food, beverage and tobacco
• Textile, clothing and leather industry
• Wood and wooden products industry
• Paper and paper industry
• Chemicals and chemical
• Other non-metallic mineral
• Basic metals
• Machinery and equipment
• Miscellaneous industry

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Structure of Manufacturing (Cont.)

• No more than 24000 were classified as large
  formal companies but these accounted for lions
  share of value-added in manufacturing.
• The manufacturing, value-added of GDP in 2003 was
  only 12.5 percent. It engaged 17.8 of the
  employed labor force in 1996.

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Science and Technology Indicators

• Research Base

Number of Iranian Governmental Research Institutes
Source Science Policy Quarterly 1994UNDP, 2005
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Science and Technology Indicators(Cont.)

• University Education
• In 2005-2006, 52 of all enrollments in
  university degree programmes was in the private
  sector and the rest was in public sector.
• 28 of all university enrollments were in
  engineering.
• Pure science 11

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Science and Technology Indicators (CONT.)

• Medical science 6
• Social science 44
• Art 4
• Agriculture 7

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Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.)

• According to official sources, more than 750,000
  students enrolled in public universities and more
  than 1,250,000 in private sector in 2005/06.
• The number of faculty members has been increased
  to 79,617 (40,536 full time and 39,081 part time
  members) in Academic year 2005/06.

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Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.)

• The number of scientific articles published in
  international journals, increased from 281 1n
  1992 to 3349 in 2004.

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Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.)

• RD Expenditure
• The input (resources) are often into Financial
  and Human resources
• In last two decades the Iranian RD expenditure
  was fluctuated between 0.2 and 0.4 percent of the
  GDP. In comparison with the other developed
  countries is far behind,

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Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.)
RD Expenditure ( OF GDP) in some Countries
Source World Development, 2005RD Society of
Iranian Industries and Mines2006
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Science and Technology Indicators (CONT.)

• The major source of Iranian RD expenditure comes
  from the governmental sector while the share of
  private sector is very small.
• Human resources in science and technology are one
  of the key resources for economic growth.
• Iran with 484 researchers per million in RD.

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Science and Technology Indicators (CONT.)
Researchers in RD (per million people)
1990-2003
Source World Development Indicators, 2006
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Science and Technology Indicators (Cont.)

• Iranian National Innovation System (NIS)
• The major actors in the Iranian NIS are
  government ministries, research institutes,
  universities and majority of large enterprises.
• Innovation activity in Iran is supply-driven.

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Conclusion

• Share of the private sector in RD expenditure is
  very small.
• Iran with about 0.4 of GDP allocated to RD is
  far behind industrialized countries.
• The number of scientists and researchers much
  lower.
• Iran has expended its universities and the number
  of faculty members.
• Students have grown manifold.

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Conclusion

• The numbers of scientific articles published in
  international journal has been increased sharply.
• The innovation activities in Iran are driven not
  by demand but by government planes.

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• Thank you