AFRICA

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AFRICA INDIA1900-1945
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COLONIAL AFRICA

• Few Europeans lived in Africa BUT
• Built railroads, mines, companies, plantations
• Europeans benefitted, Africans did not
• Europeans brought health care not
  enoughEuropeans brought mission schools
  western ideas
• Africans migrated to cities because they offered
  jobs, but it hurt families

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AFRICA INDIA

• Western education and the realities of racial
  discrimination contributed to the RISE OF
  NATIONALISM (both Africa and India)
• Many Africans served in WWII
• They listened to Allied propoganda in favor of
  liberation against Nazis and came back with
  liberation ideas against the Europeans

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NATIONALISTS

• Blaise Diagne, Senegal
• Wanted more African participation in politics and
  fair treatment in French army
• African National Congress, South Africa
• Inspired by pan-Africanists from America such as
  W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey
• Wanted unity of African people around the world

5
ALGERIA VIOLENCE for Independnece

• France had control of Algeria and did not want to
  let it go (gas/oil fields, trade)
• Algerian Revolutionary Organization (FLN)
  VIOLENTLY fought and won independence, but France
  angryFrench left but it hurt Algerian
  economy.Algerians went to France for jobs and
  were treated pooly

6
GHANANon-violent independence

• Britain tired after WWII
• Kwame Nkrumah became leader and Ghana first
  African colony to achieve independence in Africa
• Kwame a very powerful nationalist speaker, but
  not a great administrator.ousted by army

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KENYAViolent independence

• Jomo Kenyatta was nationalist leader
• Led a nationalist group called MAU MAU who fought
  with the British
• British charged Kenyatta and put him in prison
  for 8 years
• In 1961 released him and then helped write a
  constitution for independent Kenya
• EFFECTIVE leader (unlike Nkrumah)

8
SOUTH AFRICA

• Apartheid in South Africa
• ANC (African National Congress) opposed itat
  first non-violent (protests, strikes)
• After Sharpville shootings, violence as Nelson
  Mandela organized guerrilla resistance
• Sentenced to life in prison
• 1986 2 million person general strike
• International pressure to end apartheid
• 1994 Mandela freed becomes President!

9
HAILE SELASSIE, Ethiopia

• Ethiopia beat Italians under Menelik battle of
  Adwa in 1889
• After Mussolini (Italy) invaded in 1935, Selassie
  made speech to League for help - Ignored
• Exiled in England, until war over

10
Rastafarian Movement

• Ras Duke or leader, Tafari (Selassies
  name)
• Jamaicans believe that Haile Selassie is the
  messiah will lead the African diaspora back
• Zion is Africa, especially Ethiopia
• Bob Marley is best known rastafarian

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SIMILARITIES BETWEEN INDIA AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE

• Both fighting British influence and government to
  obtain independence
• Both had strong, nationalistic leaders and
  organizations (Gandhi INC Mandela ANC)
• Both started as non-violent
• Both nationalist movements that won freedom were
  divided and conflicted (India Muslim vs.
  Hindus Africa different groups)

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIA S. AFRICA

• INDIA

• AFRICA

• Religious differences between Muslim Hindus
• Leader (Gandhi) no violence
• Country split into 2 (Pakistan and India) at
  Independence many Muslims and Hindus died

• No differences in ANC on religious grounds
• Apartheid
• Leader (Mandela) resorted to violence
• Country remained intact at independence

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WHY THE BIG DIFFERENCES

• INDIA

• AFRICA

• India had practice with Western-style democracy
  (elections, parties, civil liberties, education
  etc)
• Struggle for independence had been long giving
  India time to sort leadership out
• British handed over power more gradually

• Some say not ready?
• Tribal problems , traditional culture immense
  diversity led to violence and ethnic conflict
• Economic performance was poor disappointing
  nationalists causing problems
• Africa does not depend on land-owning class