CO2 Capture Status

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CO2 CaptureStatus Issues

• Prof. Mohsen Assadi
• Gas technology

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Outline

• Background
• Capture technologies status
• Post-combustion
• Pre-combustion
• Oxy-fuel

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Electricity generation
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New plant capacity (VGB)
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Capture ready plants

• Not well defined! Place performance!
• Post-combustion most suitable for future capture
  ready plants
• Large steam extractions needed for regeneration
• Minimum pre-investment for steam turbine

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Various capture technologies
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Amine Scrubbing

• Advantages
• Proven technology
• Known chemical process
• Ability to predict performance and solvent
  consumption
• Limitations
• High energy consumption for solvent regeneration
• High rate of process equipment corrosion
• High solvent losses due to fast evaporation
• High degradation in presence of oxygen

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Existing plants
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Existing plants
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Pilot plants
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Status

• No full scale plants in operation yet
• More research and development needed
• Scaleable, flexible pilot plants for validation
  verification

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Chilled Ammonia (1.6 C)

• Advantages
• Lower regeneration energy with HP regeneration
• Low-temp. CO2 absorption min. NH3 emissions.
• High CO2 absorption efficiency in bubbler
  absorber.
• Applicable for new plants and for retrofit
• Carbonates are stable over a wide range of
  temperatures do not degrade during
  absorption-regeneration
• The process uses low-grade waste heat
• Potential to capture 90 of CO2 emissions

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Chilled Ammonia

• Limitations
• Ammonia volatility can be an issue.
• The pH of the ammonia solvent does not allow for
  much carbonate formation.
• Slower absorption rate than MEA. Requires three
  times more packing to achieve the same CO2
  removal performance. A number of absorber vessels
  are required, increasing capital cost and
  affecting plant layout.

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Status

• 2 MWe field pilot to be operated at the Pleasant
  Prairie Power Plant, Wisconsin, US
• Pilot plant under construction at
  Karlshamnsverket, Sweden

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Oxy-fuel

• Advantages
• Exhaust gases consist of CO2 H2O. Separation by
  condensation.
• Very low NOx emissions
• Efficient O2 separation reduces efficiency
  penalty (AZEP, membrane)
• Limitations
• Expensive air separation process with high energy
  demand (Cryogenic)
• New development of gas turbines needed
• CO2 recirculation for temp. control
• Condensation process needs new equipment

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Status

• High oil prices provide a market for EOR
• An old GT (TIT 780C) will be modified (CO2
  Global, Carl W. Hustad)
• Experiences to be transferred to modern GTs
• KMB-project in Stavanger (UiS IRIS)