Status for teknologiutvikling CO2fangst fra kraftverk

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Status for teknologiutvikling CO2-fangst fra
kraftverk

• Olav Bolland
• Professor ved Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige
  Universitet NTNU
• Leder av Gassteknisk Senter NTNU SINTEF
• EnergiRikekonferansen 2008
• 5. august, 2008
• Haugesund

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NTNU SINTEF CCS

• Aktivitet siden 1986
• Årlig FoU-budsjett innen CCS på 11 million Euro
• Nasjonale prosjekter 60, EU-prosjekter 40
• Europas største FoU-prosjekt innen CCS BIGCO2
• NTNU SINTEF største aktør innen EUs
  CCS-prosjektportefølje.
• Omfattende nettverk med over 40 industrielle
  partnere i samarbeidsprosjekter
• Samarbeid med universiteter Tsinghua, MIT,
  Regina, Austin, ETH, Stuttgart

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Emission of CO2
IEA, 2006, World Energy Outlook
IEA predicts CO2 emission growth rate
1.7/y Increase 2004-2030 26 ? 40 Gt CO2/yr ?
?550 Mt/yr of which the increase comes from
Power generation 50 7.1 Gt CO2/yr ? ?270
Mt/yr Transport 21 Industry 18
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Oljen tar snart slutt, vel..
Based on Brandt and Farrell, Scraping the bottom
of the barrel Greenhouse gas emission
consequences of a transition to low-quality and
synthetic petroleum resources, Climate Change,
2007
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Oil sand Ft. McMurray, Canada
Foto Olav Bolland
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Hvordan forholde seg tilglobal oppvarming?
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Uttynning av CO2 - Post-combustion
Pressure ? 1 atm
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Post-combustion suppliers - 1

• Fluor Econamine FG Plus Process
• 30wt MEA inhibitors for oxidative degradation
  and corrosion
• 23 commercial plants, of which 9 plants capture
  more than 60 ton/day (22 kton/year), 7 are still
  in operation
• Lubbock, Texas, 1982-86, capture from gas
  combustion, 400 kton/year for EOR purposes
• Bellingham, MA-USA, capture from GT exhaust, 122
  kton/year (shutdown in 2005)

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Post-combustion suppliers - 2

• Kerr-McGee/ABB Lummus
• 15-20wt MEA without inhibitors
• North American Chemical Company in Troy, Ca, coal
  flue gas, 290 kton/year, operating since 1979
• 320 MW coal fired plant at Applied Energy System,
  Oklahoma, USA , 73 kton/year, since 1991
• Soda Ash Botswana in Sue Pan, Botswana, 110
  kton/year, since 1991
• 180 MW Warrior Run coal fired power plant in
  Maryland, USA, 55 kton/year, since 1999

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Post-combustion suppliers - 3

• The Mitsubishi Heavy Industries KM-CDR Process
• KS-1, hindered amine with possibly a promotor
• Petronas plant, Malaysia, capture from steam
  reformer syngas, 73 kton/year for fertilizer
  production, operating since 1999
• Fukuoka, Japan, capture from natural gas/oil
  fired boilers, 120 kton/year

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Post-combustion technology developers

• Cansolv
• Amine DC101, based on tertiary amines, and
  probably includes a promoter to yield sufficient
  absorption rates to be used for low pressure
• Alstom
• Chilled ammonia process using aqueous NH3 in a
  absorption/desorption process, NH3 mainly present
  as ammonia carbonate and bicarbonate
• Aker Clean Carbon Just Catch process
• Working with a number of other companies to get
  in position as EPC contractor for post-combustion
  plants claims to have a low cost concept
• HTC Purenergy/Bechtel
• PSR solvent, process design
• BASF
• Working on development of activated (Piperazine)
  MDEA for CO2 capture from low-pressure gases

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Post-combustion trends

• Amine degradation, oxidation, corrosion (SOx,
  COS, C2S, NOx, O2, fly ash)
• Reduction of energy consumption, lt 4 MJ/kg CO2
• Process optimisation (split flow, absorber
  intercooling)
• New solvents or solvent mixtures
• Emission to air
• Membranes at high-pressure

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Pre-combustion - principle
Split the CxHy-molecules into H2 and CO2 Transfer
heating value from CxHy to H2 Separate CO2 from H2
H2 CO2
H2 CO
Coal
Gasifier Reformer
Shift
CO2 capture
Oil
H2
to combustion
Natural gas
Oxidizer H2O O2
CO2
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IGCC without CO2 captureIntegrated Gasification
Combined Cycle
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IGCC with CO2 captureIntegrated Gasification
Combined Cycle
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Co-generation of power and hydrogen with CO2
capture
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Uttynning av CO2 - Pre-combustion
Pressure ? 15-60 atm
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Integrating pre-combustion steps
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Oxy-combustion 30 MW thermal,
lignite/brown-coalVattenfall demo in Schwarze
Pumpe
Source Jordal et al. 2004
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Oxy-combustion - natural gas
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Oxy-combustion med høy-temperatur membran
Source Sven Gunnar Sundkvist, Oct. 2003

• High-temperature ceramic materials for gas
  separation
• Potential for high efficiency
• Durability must be better

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Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC)
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Uttynning av CO2 oxy-combustion
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Technology status
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Commercially available technology ?

• Commerical
• Capture of CO2 from natural gas and syngas
• Post-combustion capture from flue gas of natural
  gas and coal fired systems with amine absorption
• a number of plants exists
• suppliers able to give commercial guarantees
  (though limited)
• set-order-to-operation (power plants) 3 years
• Close-to-commercial
• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC)
• Integrated Reforming Combined Cycle (IRCC)
• Technology components mature/well-proven
• Gas turbines burning H2-rich fuel not quite ready

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Technology statusCO2 capture in power plants
Commercial readiness
Natural gas
Improvement potential
Post-combustion Pre-combustion
Oxy-combustion
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Technology statusCO2 capture in power plants
Commercial readiness
Natural gas
Improvement potential
Post-combustion Pre-combustion
Oxy-combustion
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Kostnader for gasskraftsom funksjon av gasspris
Driftstid 8000 timer per år, virkningsgrad 58,
CO2 kostnad 25 /tonn
øre/kWhel
kr/Sm3
Gasspris
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Kostnader for kullkraftsom funksjon av
kullprisDriftstid 8000 timer per år,
virkningsgrad 46, CO2 kostnad 25 /tonn
øre/kWhel
1 Euro 8 kr
/tonn
Kullpris
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Takk!