World History

1
World History

• Unit 5
• Absolutism to Revolution
• 1500-1900

2
Chapter 21Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.

• Section 1
• Spains Empire and European Absolutism

3
Spains Empire and European Absolutism

• Objectives
• To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
• To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
• To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
• To explain the origins of absolute monarchy
• Vocabulary Philip II, absolute monarch, divine
  right

4
Charles Vs Spanish Empire
5
Spains Empire and European Absolutism

• Charles V
• splits his Spanish empire
• Philip II
• Charles son
• Spain, Spanish Netherlands, American colonies
• Kings 1/5th
• Portugal - 1580
• Defender of the Faith
• Battle of Lepanto - 1571
• Spanish Armada - 1588
• Arts
• Diego Velazquez
• Miguel de Cervantes
• Don Quixote

6
Spains Empire and European Absolutism

• Spains problems
• Inflation
• population increase, price increase
• drop in silver value
• taxes
• expulsion of Jews and Moors
• no middle class
• merchant guilds
• no capitalism wealth flowed out
• Dutch Revolt
• occupation force
• Calvinism and taxes
• William of Orange - 1579
• United Provinces of the Netherlands

7
Spains Empire and European Absolutism

• United Provinces (Netherlands)
• religious toleration
• republic
• focus on commerce
• worlds largest merchant fleet
• worlds bankers
• art
• Rembrandt van Rijn
• wealthy merchants groups
• Absolute Monarchs
• rule without limits
• urbanization middle class
• decline in church influence
• decline in nobility influence
• divine right
• Gods representative

8
Spains Empire and European Absolutism

• Objectives
• To describe Spanish power under Philip II.
• Wealthiest and most powerful Defender of the
  Faith Golden Age
• To explain weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
• Inflation, unequal taxes, out-flowing wealth,
  Dutch Revolt
• To describe the birth of the Netherlands.
• William of Orange, religious toleration, commerce
  and banking, art
• To explain the origins of absolute monarchy.
• Retain all power, divine right, rise from
  centralization and crises
• Vocabulary Philip II, absolute monarch, divine
  right

9
Assessment

• 1) He split his empire and retired to a
  monastery
• 2) he inherited his fathers empire in Spain,
  Spanish Netherlands, and New World
• 3) title given to those who defend Catholicism
• 4) Spanish fleet defeated the Ottomans at this
  battle
• 5) They defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
• 6) This Cervantes character was like a bumbling
  medieval knight
• 7) They paid the majority of taxes in Spain
• 8) These guilds kept Spain from becoming
  capitalistic
• 9) He defeated Spain in the Dutch Revolt
• 10) The two reasons that the United Provinces of
  the Netherlands were unique

• 1) Charles V
• 2) Philip II
• 3) Defender of the Faith
• 4) Battle of Lepanto
• 5) English
• 6) Don Quixote
• 7) peasants
• 8) merchants
• 9) William of Orange
• 10) religious toleration and they formed a
  republic

10
Chapter 21Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.

• Section 2
• Frances Ultimate Monarch

11
Frances Ultimate Monarch

• Objectives
• To describe religious and political conflicts in
  France.
• To explain Louis XIVs policies.
• To characterize the style of the French royal
  court.
• To identify causes and effects of the French
  wars.
• Vocabulary Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu,
  skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste
  Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

12
Religious Wars Create a Crisis

• King Henry II Catherine de Medicis
• 1559 Catherine real power
• 1572 St. Bartholomews Day
• Henry of Navarre - 1589-1610
• Protestant Prince (Huguenot)
• inherits the throne
• Henry IV
• 1st Bourbon king
• Catholic conversion
• Edict of Nantes - 1598
• religious toleration
• Louis XIII
• Cardinal Richelieu
• de facto ruler
• increased Bourbon power
• Huguenots and nobles
• skepticism
• nothing can be known for certain
• Michel de Montaigne

13
Louis XIV Rules Absolutely

• Louis XIV - 1643
• most powerful king
• crown at age 5
• Cardinal Mazarin - 1643-1661
• Louis minister
• 1648 Thirty Years War Treaty
• most powerful in Europe
• fight with nobles
• centralization of power
• noble exclusion
• intendants
• tax and justice agents
• Jean Baptiste Colbert
• finance minister
• mercantilism policies
• Edict of Nantes revocation

14
Louiss Grand Style

• Nobility
• morning dress
• increased royal authority
• dependence on Louis
• kept from locales
• Versailles
• 11 miles from Paris
• 2B in 1994 dollars
• 36K laborers
• 500 yards long
• What is similar in China?
• Arts patronage
• Sun King
• glorify the king

15
Versailles Gardens
16
Louis Fights Disastrous Wars

• France in 1660
• largest population army
• Spanish Netherlands - 1667
• Dutch Netherlands - 1672
• dike warfare
• League of Augsburg - 1689
• balance of power alliance
• Sweden, Spain, England
• War of Spanish Succession
• Charles II dies - 1700
• Philip of Anjou
• Treaty of Utrecht - 1713
• Spain and France separate
• Louis XIV legacy
• empire, debt, resentment

17
Frances Ultimate Monarch

• Objectives
• To describe religious and political conflicts in
  France.
• Protestants vs. Catholics civil wars Henry IV
  religious tolerance Cardinal Richelieus rise
  skepticism embraced
• To explain Louis XIVs policies.
• Cardinal Mazarin raises taxes / strengthens
  central govt. Louis is Frances most powerful
  king Jean Baptiste Colberts economy
• To characterize the style of the French royal
  court.
• Luxury nobles waiting game Versailles and
  patronage
• To identify causes and effects of the French
  wars.
• French expansion European anti-French alliance
  weakening
• Vocabulary Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu,
  skepticism, Louis XIV, intendant, Jean Baptiste
  Colbert, War of the Spanish Succession

18
Assessment

• 1) This Protestant prince converted to
  Catholicism after gaining French throne
• 2) Henry was the 1st king of this dynasty
• 3) 1598 edict called for religious toleration
• 4) he was the real power behind the throne of
  Louis XIII
• 5) nothing can be known for certain
• 6) Frances most powerful ruler ever
• 7) they were tax and justice agents
• 8) this economic minister advocated mercantilist
  policies to King Louis XIV
• 9) the fabulous palace built by Louis XIV
• 10) this 1689 alliance in Europe was designed
  maintain a balance of power

• 1) Henry IV (of Navarre)
• 2) Bourbon
• 3) Edict of Nantes
• 4) Cardinal Richelieu
• 5) skepticism
• 6) Louis XIV
• 7) intendants
• 8) Jean Baptiste Colbert
• 9) Versailles
• 10) League of Augsburg

19
Chapter 21Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.

• Section 4
• Russian Czars Increase Power

20
Russian Czars Increase Power

• Objectives
• To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers
  began to build a stronger Russian state.
• To characterize differences between Russia and
  western Europe and the emerging role of Peter the
  Great.
• To describe Peters reforms and their impact on
  Russia.
• Vocabulary Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the
  Great, westernization

21
From Ivan to the Romanovs

• Ivan III -1462-1505
• founder of empire
• liberated Russia from Mongols
• centralize government
• Ivan IV 1533-1584
• good 1547-1560
• czar
• terrible 1560
• boyars
• landowning nobles
• traitors
• Anastasia
• Time of Troubles
• battle for throne
• boyars
• Michael Romanov - 1613

22
Russia Expansion Ivan IV
23
Peter the Great Takes the Throne

• Russia in the 1600s
• land of serfs and boyars
• mid-1850s
• serfs attached to land
• isolation
• Constantinople
• Eastern Orthodox
• Mongol threat
• Peter the Great 1696-1725
• future of Russia
• warm water seaport
• competition
• westernization
• Grand Embassy
• customs and technology
• England, Germany, Austria

24
Russian Expansion - Peter
25
Peter Rules Absolutely

• Change Takes Power
• Russian Orthodox Church
• state control
• power from nobles
• appointing of loyal lower class
• westernized professional army
• heavy taxes
• Societal Changes
• 1st newspaper
• increased women status
• traditional dress banned
• St. Petersburg
• window to the west
• water routes to Europe

26
Russian Czars Increase Power

• Objectives
• To explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers
  began to build a stronger Russian state.
• Czars strengthen Russian state reduce power of
  boyars Ivan the good becomes Ivan the
  terrible
• To characterize differences between Russia and
  western Europe and the emerging role of Peter the
  Great.
• 1696 Peter the Great takes throne Russia is land
  of nobles and serfs, isolated and backwards
  Peter visits and studies western Europe
• To describe Peters reforms and their impact on
  Russia.
• Peter westernizes Russia religion under state
  control limits power of nobles modernizes army
  Baltic Sea seaport at St. Petersburg
• Vocabulary Ivan the Terrible, boyars, Peter the
  Great, westernization

27
Assessment

• 1) Who founded the Russian Empire in 1462
• 2) He liberated Russia from the Mongols
• 3) He was the 1st ruler to be called czar
• 4) Ivan got this nickname because of his
  treatment of nobles after his wife died
• 5) Russian landowning nobles
• 6) He emerged out of the Time of Troubles in
  1613 as the new Russian ruler
• 7) These people were attached to the land
• 8) He tries to westernize Russia
• 9) How did Peter pay for his new westernized
  army
• 10) This city was the new capital and a Russian
  window to the west

• 1) Ivan III
• 2) Ivan III
• 3) Ivan IV
• 4) Terrible
• 5) boyars
• 6) Michael Romanov
• 7) serfs
• 8) Peter the Great
• heavy taxes
• 10) St. Petersburg

28
Chapter 21Absolute Monarchs in Europe,
1500-1800 A.D.

• Section 5
• Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

29
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

• Objectives
• To identify conflicts between English rulers and
  Parliament.
• To explain the causes and results of the English
  Civil War.
• To describe the Restoration and Glorious
  Revolution.
• To explain political changes under William and
  Mary.
• Vocabulary Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver
  Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious
  Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

30
Monarchs Clash with Parliament

• Elizabeth - 1558-1603
• last of Tudors
• James I - 1603-1625
• Scottish Stuarts
• absolute monarchy
• Calvinist
• King James Bible - 1611
• Charles I - 1625-1649
• son of James I
• calls Parliament - 1628
• Petition of Right
• law is higher than king
• dissolves Parliament - 1629
• calls Parliament -1641
• Scot problem

31
English Civil War

• English Civil War - 1642-1649
• Parliament limit on kings power
• Charles I orders arrests
• supporters and opponents of Charles I
• Royalists vs. Roundheads
• Oliver Cromwell - 1644-1658
• Puritan Roundhead leader
• Charles I captured by 1647
• lost English Civil War
• public execution
• rules England as military dictator
• puts down Irish rebellion
• tolerance except Catholics

32
Restoration and Revolution

• Restoration
• Charles II - 1660-1685
• son of Charles I
• habeas corpus - 1679
• no jailing for political opposition
• speedy trial
• James II - 1685-1688
• Charles II brother
• Catholic
• Whigs vs. Tories
• dissolves Parliament
• infant son - 1688

33
Political Changes

• Glorious Revolution - 1689
• William and Mary
• Prince of the Netherlands
• Protestants
• Parliamentary invite
• bloodless overthrow of James II
• William as new English king
• Parliament recognized partner
• constitutional monarchy
• laws limit monarchs power
• Bill of Rights
• cabinet
• prevent disagreements
• link between monarch / majority

34
Stuart Family Tree
35
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

• Objectives
• To identify conflicts between English rulers and
  Parliament.
• English kings clash w/ Parliament over money and
  power Charles I dissolves Parliament
• To explain the causes and results of the English
  Civil War.
• Charles I recalls Parliament Charles I
  supporters vs. opponents in Civil War Puritans
  win civil war Charles I executed
• To describe the Restoration and Glorious
  Revolution.
• Charles II as king James II deposed William and
  Mary take power
• To explain political changes under William and
  Mary.
• Constitutional monarchy Bill of Rights cabinet
  as center of power
• Vocabulary Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver
  Cromwell, Restoration, habeas corpus, Glorious
  Revolution, constitutional monarchy, cabinet

36
Assessment

• 1) This Scottish family followed the Tudors as
  the ruling dynasty of England in 1603
• 2) He was the founder of the dynasty in 1
• 3) James I believed in this type of government
• 4) This English king lost his head in 1649
• 5) This event between 1642-1649 brought Puritans
  into power in England
• 6) These two groups opposed each other in the
  English Civil War
• 7) This Puritan leader became a military
  dictator in 1649
• 8) He ruled following the 1660 Restoration
• 9) This calls for a speedy trial and no jailing
  of political opponents
• 10) William and Mary ascend the English thrown in
  this 1689 bloodless rebellion

• 1) Stuarts
• 2) James I
• 3) absolute monarchy
• 4) Charles I
• 5) English Civil War
• 6) Royalists and Roundheads
• 7) Oliver Cromwell
• 8) Charles II
• 9) habeas corpus
• 10) Glorious Revolution