The cell

1
The cell
I.P.S.I.A. L. Zanussi - Pordenone
CLIL PROJECT

• Subject Science
• Author Allida De Candido
• English teacher Bruna Pavan
• School year 2004/2005

2
Sommario

• Lesson plan pqg. 3
• Procedure 5
• Secret cell 7
• Questions 8
• Cells sizes 9
• The words meaning 10
  
• Differences between cells 11
  
• How big are cells? 13
• What are the correct definitions? 14
• Relative sizes of cells A 15
• Relative sizes of cells B 16
• What else about cells? 17
• What is there inside the cell? 18
• Cellcrossword 24
• Parts of the cell A 25
• Parts of the cell B 26

Animal and plant cell 27 Similarities and
differences 28 Comparing plant and
animal cell 29 Cell like a busy factory
30 Departements and functions in the factory
31 Question loop
32 Final test 37 Glossary
38 Answers 41 Bibliography 51
Home
3
Lesson plan

• Objectives
• Students will be able to
• describe the cell
• use appropriate scientific terms for organelles
  and their functions
• remember the names of the organelles
• explain the resemblances and the differences
  between animal and plant cells
• recognize animal and plant cells
• know the importance of the cell

Home
Sommario
4
ContentsThe cell structure and function.A
comparison between animal and plant cell. Grade
levelIt may be adapted for use in a Vocational
Training School for students beginning to study
Biology. TimeApproximately 3
hours.ResourcesInternet site school books.  
Home
Sommario
5
Procedure

• The lesson will start with simple information
  about the cell
• a)    all living organisms are made of one or
  more cells
• b)    cell size.
• Open questions will get some information from the
  text .
• With looking up in the dictionary for specific
  words students will understand better their
  meaning.
• In picture1 the students can recognize the shape
  of different cells and in picture 2 they can see
  the various sizes of cells and their components.
• Finally to establish the students knowledge
  there is a chart to fill in with the given
  definitions.
• The next step is about what there is inside the
  cell, the names and the functions of the
  organelles.
• The students will be given a paper with all this
  information and matching halves phrases on the
  functions to get immediate feedback.
• With the filling of a crossword the students will
  be able to remember the names of organelles and
  their functions.
• A work in pairs is useful to fix the concepts.
•  

Home
Sommario
6
The third step is made to observe  the
difference between plant and animal cells.
Looking at Fig.3 the students will also see what
animal and plant cells have in common and will be
able to fill in the Venn diagram. Some questions
about fig.3 are useful to observe and point out
the similarities and the differences.In the
fourth step the student will consolidate and
memorise the names of organelles, observing the
picture and filling in the empty column.A game
and a final test get students to revise all the
lesson.
Home
Sommario
7
Secret cell

• Your body is made up of about 100 billion living
  cells. You can tell when they are alive because
  there are all sorts of chemical changes going on
  inside them.
• Every cell is like a tiny ball of jelly full of
  chemicals and its far too small to be seen
  without a microscope. In fact you can squeeze
  thousands of them into the full stop at the end
  of this sentence.
• Micron is the order size of the cell.
•  

Home
Sommario
8
Questions
?
Answer these questions

• 1. What other definition of cell do you know?
• -------------------------------------------------
  ------
• 2. What instrument do you use for looking at
  cells?
• ----------------------------------------------
  -----------
• 3. How many cells are there in your body?
• ----------------------------------------------
  ----------
• 4. What happens inside the cell?
• ----------------------------------------------
  -----------

Home
Sommario
9
Cells sizes
  Cells vary greatly in size. Most cannot be seen
without a microscope, although a few varieties
are visible to the naked eye. The diameter of an
average animal cell is about 10 micrometers (or
0.01 millimetre) and of an average plant cell is
about 100 micrometers (0,1 millimetre). Some
cells are quite large. Eggs of animals are single
cells before their development begins, and they
are usually visible to the eye. Bacterial cells
are very small, with diameters of only 0.35 to
0.40 micrometer, near the limit of resolution of
an ordinary light microscope.
Home
Sommario
10
The words meaning

• Look up in the dictionary the meaning of these
  words
• Size.
• Average
• Plant..
• Animal..
• Development
• Visible
• Bacterial..

Home
Sommario
11
Differences between cells
Fig.1
bacteria
animal cell
plant cell
Home
Sommario
12
The differences

• Complete the sentences with the given word
• Bacterial cell is the ..
• Plant cell is the
• Animal cell is . than the bacterial cell, but
  ..than the animal cell

smaller, smallest, biggest, bigger
Home
Sommario
13
How big are cells and their components?
Fig. 2
Home
Sommario
14
What are the correct definitions?
Complete the chart using the given definitions
What is the range in micron to see an animal and a plant cell?
What is the size order of the molecules?
Which instrument do you use to see the plant cell?
What is the range in nm to see the proteins?
Which type of instrument can you use to see the organelles better?
nanometre electron microscope between 10 and
100 light microscope between 0.3 and 10
Home
Sommario
15
Relative sizes of cells
A

• Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions to fill
  the gaps in your worksheet.
• microscope is an instrument for looking at
  the shape of cells.
• Electron microscope is an for looking
  inside the cell.
• There are three types of cells . One example of
  this is
• An animal cell is different from a plant cell in
  size and in .
• Micron is the unit of measure of..
• . is the unit of measure of and
  virus.
• The .. of an average animal cell is about
  10 micrometers. Most bacterial cells are very
  small, with diameters of only 0.35 to 0.40
  micrometer, near the limit of resolution of an
  ordinary
•  

Home
Sommario
16
Relative sizes of cells
B

• Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions to fill
  the gaps in your worksheet
• Light microscope is an for looking at
  the shape of the cells.
• microscope is an instrument for looking
  inside the cell.
• There are three types of .. One example of
  this is bacterium.
• An animal cell is different from a plant cell in
  and in shape.
• .. is the unit of measure of cells.
• Nanometre is the unit of measure of molecules and
  ..
• The diameter of an average animal cell is
  about
• Most ... cells are very small, with
  diameters of only 0.35 to 0.40 micrometer, near
  the .of .. of an ordinary  light
  microscope.

Home
Sommario
17
Worksheet  _________________ are the
building blocks of life. A living thing is
called an _______________________ All
_____________are made up of cells. Living
organisms are composed of one or more
__________________ cells.  Amoeba, Paramecium
and Euglena are examples of _________________
cells.  Plants and animals are
__________________.  Work Bank  
What else about cells ?  
microscopic multicellular
cellsunicellular organism
living things
Home
Sommario
18
  
What is there inside the cell?

• Inside the cell there is a secret
• world. There are many tiny
• objects called organelles
• which have a specific function.

Nucleus
It contains all the information needed to produce
a new living cell.
Home
Sommario
19
Ribosomes

• They produce substances (proteins).

Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
It is the place where ribosomes do their work.
Home
Sommario
20
Cytoplasm

• Part of the cell where the chemical reactions
  take place.
•       

Mithocondria
They turn glucose and oxygen into energy.
Home
Sommario
21
Golgy body

• This system prepares
• proteins for use and
• export.
•     

Cell membrane

• This structure controls
• what passes in and out
• the cell.
•     

Home
Sommario
22
Cell wall
Vacuole It contains a solution of salt and
sugar. It also gives the support to the cell.
vacuole
Cell wall

• It gives a plant cell strength and support.
•  

Home
Sommario
23
    Chloroplasts

• It contain a green substance called chlorophyll
  which absorbs the suns energy so that the plant
  can make its own food during photosynthesis.

Home
Sommario
24

Cellcrossword
Down 1. It controls what substances pass in and
out of the cell 2. It contains a solution
of salt and sugar 3. It controls the
activities 4. This is where the cells chemical
reactions take place
Across 5. It traps energy to make food 6. It produces substances 7. It produces energy
Home
Sommario
25
Matching halves phrases A
Parts of the cell
A
Work in pairs. Match one of the sentences from
paper A with a sentences from paper B to form one
complete sentence.
2. organelles are
3. mitochondria
1. multicellular organisms are composed of
8. plasma membrane is the place where
5. the organelle that controls all cell activity
is
4. proteins are built in the
7. cytoplasm
9. a microscope
6. a Golgy body prepares proteins for
11. the photosynthesis is
10. the suns energy is absorbed by
Home
Sommario
26

Parts of the cell
B
Matching halves phrases B
Work in pairs. Match one of the sentences from
paper B with a sentences from paper A to form one
complete sentence.
produce energy
contains the organelles
nucleus
minute structures inside a cell
use and export
a number of cells
ribosomes
cells make contact with the external environment
a chemical reaction
enlarges the image of a cell
chlorophyll
Home
Sommario
27
The illustrations (Fig. 3) show some structures
found in plant and animal cells.
Animal and plant cell
animal cell
plant cell
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
Golgi body
Golgi body
Home
Sommario
28

?
Similarities and differences
Look at Fig. 3 and answer these questions.

• 1. What is the nucleous like?
• ..
• 2. Which position does it occupy inside the
  animal cell?
• 3. Does it have a natural colour in the picture?
• 4. What does it contain inside?
• 5. Which
  structure is it surrounded by?
• 6. Are there mitochondria in both cells?
• 7. Which shape have they got?
• 8. What are the things that you can see inside?
• 9. Are there chloroplasts in the plant cell?
• 10. Which colour do they have?

12. In which cell is there a big
vacuole? .. 13. Do
you remember what it contains inside?
14. In which cell are
vacuoles very big?
15. Have the cells got a cell
membrane? 16.
Where is it located in the cell?
17. Is the animal cell
surrounded by a wall?
18. Which cell breathes?
19. Which cell produces
oxygen? .. 20. Which cell
produces food by itself?
21. With which colour is Golgy body
represented in the picture?
22. Is this body found in both
cells?
Home
Sommario
29
Comparing plant and animal cells

• Animal and plant cells are the same in some ways.
  We say that they have some of the same features.
  Animal and plant cells are also different.
• Look at Fig 3 and try to spot the differences.
  Fill in the Venn diagram to compare a plant cell
  to an animal cell. Use the words in the word box.

cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cytoplasm
mitochondria nucleus ribosome vacuole
in common
animal cell
plant cell
   
What's the most complicated cell?
______________________ It is because it produces
oxygen and food (glucose) for all living things
using the sunlight directly. The animal cell
depends on the plant cell.
Home
Sommario
30
Cell like a busy factory

• A cell can be thought as a factory with different
  departments where many activities take place.

Fig. 4
Look at Fig.4. Work in pairs and try to
understand what happens in each department.
Discuss with each other.
Home
Sommario
31
In the second column of the chart, write the name
of the organelle connected with the factory
activities described in the first column.
Departments and functions in the factory
Departments and functions in the factory Organelle
Executive department decides what products are made
Power plant provides energy for all process  
Workers produce materials
Packaging departments assemble the products
Factory floor where most products are assembled, finished and shipped  
Assembly line (where workers do their work)
Shipping/ Receiving department
Have you filled in the gaps!? If not, try again!
This is another clue for you.
Golgi body, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm,
Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondrion, Ribosomes
Home
Sommario

•  
•  
•  
• Ribosomes
•  

32
Question loop

• There are 25 strips of paper all different, each
  with a question and an answer.
• Print the pages and cut the strips.
• Hand out a strip to each student.
• Start the loop by getting one pupil to ask their
  question.
• Someone should recognize the correct answer and
  read it. Then they should read out their question
  and so on.
• Eventually the loop should return to the first
  person.

Home
Sommario
33
Question loop
Q 1.What simple units are all living things made of? A The cell wall
Q What cell has a vacuole and a cell wall? A Cells
Q What does chloroplast contain? A A plant cell
Q What special feature does a sperm cell have? A It contains the pigment to adsorb light energy for photosynthesis
Q Why are root cells long and thin? A A tail to allow it to move
Q What structures are made from tissues? A To give the maximum surface area to absorb water  
34
Q Why does the plant cell have a cell wall? A Organs are made from tissue  
Q Why are nerve cells long and thin? A To keep its shape and support the plant
Q What useful product is made in photosynthesis? A To carry nerve impulses around the body
Q What is the function of the nucleus? A Oxygen
Q Which are the typical three parts of the plant cell? A It controls the activities of the cell
Q Where in the cell do most of the chemical reactions take place? A Cell wall, chloroplasts and large permanent vacuole  
Q What does the cell membrane do? A In the cytoplasm
Q What occurs in the mitochondria? A It controls what passes in and out of the cell
35
Q Which is the only cell without nucleus? A The energy production
Q Which organelle do the products assemble? A Red blood cell
Q Which organelle do proteins produce?   A The Golgy body
Q Where in the cell workers make proteins ? A Ribosome
Q Which organelles does the sunlight use? A In the endoplasmic reticulum
Q What is the name of the heredity material in a cell? A Chloroplasts
36
Q Who was the first person to give the name cell? A DNA
Q What does a plant need for photosynthesis? A Robert Hook
Q A synonym of organism with many cells   A Water, carbon dioxide, light
Q What functions do lisosomes have? A Multicellular organism
Q Which part of a plant cell is made of cellulose? A Digest, destroy and recycle materials
Home
Sommario
 
37
Final test Name_________________Date
______________ 

• All living things are made up of_________________
  ________ .
• The inside of a cell is____________________ which
  is jelly like.
•  
• All cells have a _________________ which
  separates them from the outside world.
•  
• Some organisms consist of only_____________ cell,
  like amoeba or bacteria.
• All cells contain ____________________for storing
  information.
•  
• All cells contain _________________ for building
  proteins.
•  
• The _________________ prepares proteins for use
  and export.
•  
• Plant cells have a group of green structures
  called________________ . They use the energy from
  the sun to make food.
•  
• A ________________ organism is an animal cell
  that lives on its own, without other cells.
•  
• 10. The mitochondria are often called
  the___________________ of the cell.

Home
Sommario
38
Glossary
Animal Any living organism different from plants by the lack of chlorophyll and the requirement for complex organic nutrients.
Average Arithmetical mean of a series of numbers obtained by dividing their sum by the quantity of numbers.
Bacterium Unicellular microscopic simple organism found almost everywhere.
Cell The microscopic unit of all living organisms
Chemical 1. Related to a science of chemistry. 2. A substance characterized by definite molecular composition.
Chlorophyll Green plant pigments which capture the light photoreceptors of life energy.
Home
Sommario
39
Energy The capacity of doing work.
Euglena Unicellular organism with one or two flagella, chloroplasts and a generally elongated shape.

Glucose A monosaccharide found free or combined and is the most common sugar.
Limit of resolution The minimum distance between two point objects which allows them to be seen.
Micron A unit of length equal to one millionth of a metre
Microscope An instrument through which minute objects are enlarged by means of lenses.
Organelle A subcellular structure with a special function.
Home
Sommario
40
Organism An individual which effects all life functions.
Oxygen An essential element in cellular respiration and in combustion processes.
Paramecium An unicellular ciliated protozoan.
Photosynthesis Process in the green part of the plants, that produced oxygen and organic components from carbon dioxide and water.
Plant Any organism distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll, a rigid cell wall and a big vacuole.
Protein An organic substance made up of a variety of amino acids.
Solution A mixture in which the components are uniformly distributed.
Home
Sommario
41
Answers

• Secret cell
• Cell is the smallest living part of an animal or
  a plant body
• I use a light microscope for looking at the shape
  of cells I use electron microscope for looking
  inside the cell.
• There are about 100 billion cells in my body.
• Chemical changes happen inside the cell.
• Sizes of cells
• Size measure
• Average medium amount
• Plant a living thing that grows in earth and has
  a stem, leaves and roots
• Animala living creature that is not a plant
• Development a process of regulated growth and
  differentiation
• Bacterium Extremely small, relatively simple
  prokaryotic microrganism
• The differences
• 1. Smallest 2. Biggest 3. Bigger 4. Smaller

Home
Sommario
42
What are the correct definitions?
What is the range in micron to see an animal and a plant cell? between 10 and 100
What is the size order of the molecules? nanometre
Which instrument do you use to see the plant cell? light microscope
What is the range in nm to see the proteins? between 0,3 and 10
Which type of instrument can you use to see the organelles better? electron microscope
Relative sizes of cells
A underlined B in bold
Light microscope is an instrument for looking at
the shape of cells. Electron microscope is an
instrument for looking inside the cell. There
are three types of cells . One example of this is
bacterium. An animal cell is different from a
plant cell in size and in shape. Micron is the
unit of measure of cells.  
Home
Sommario
43

Nanometre is the unit of measure of molecules and
virus. The diameter of an average animal cell is
about 10 micrometers. Most bacterial cells are
very small, with diameters of only 0.35 to 0.40
micrometer, near the limit of resolution of an
ordinary light microscope.
What else about cells? Cells are the building
blocks of life. A living thing is called an
organism.All living things are made up of
cells. Living organisms are composed of one or
more microscopic cells.Amoeba, Paramecium and
Euglena are examples of unicellular cells.
Plants and animals are multicellular.
To remind the organelles
Across 5. Chloroplast 6. Ribosome 7.
Mitochondrion. Down 1. Cellmembrane 2. Vacuole
3. Nucleus 4. Cytoplasm Parts of the cell A
italic B bold 1. Multicellular organisms are
composed of a number of cells 2. Organelles
are minute structures inside a cell 3.
Mitochondria produce energy

Home
Sommario
44
4. Proteins are built in the ribosomes5.
The organelle that controls all cell activity
nucleus  6. Golgy body prepares proteins for
use and export7. Cytoplasm contains the
organelles8. Plasma membrane is the place where
cells make contact with the external
environment9. A microscope enlarges the
image of a cell10. The suns energy is absorbed
by chlorophyll11. Photosynthesis is
a chemical reaction
   

Home
Sommario
45

Similarities and differences

• 1. The nucleous shape is round.
• 2. It occupies a central position inside the
  animal
• cell.
• 3. No, because it is transparent. To see it you
• need colouring.
• 4. It contains DNA, the genetic material.
• 5. It is surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum.
• 6. Yes, there are mithochondria in both cells.
• 7. They have got an extended shape.
• 8. You can see some membrane foldings.
• 9. Yes, in the plant cell there are chloroplasts.

12. There is a big vacuole in the plant
cell. 13. It contains inside a solution of
water, salts and sugar. 14. They
are very big in the plant cell. 15. Both cells
have a cell membrane. 16. Its located at the
periphery of the cell and envelops it and
contain the cytoplasm. 17. No it isnt. The
plant cell is surrounded by a wall
. 18. Both cells breathe. 19. Plant cell
produces oxygen. 20. The plant cell produces
food by itself. Because of this its name
is autotrophic. 21. Golgy body is pink in the
picture. 22. Yes, it is in both cells.
Home
Sommario
46
Comparing the plant and animal cell
in common
plant cell
animal cell
Cell Membrane Mitochondria Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribos
oma
Cell wall Chloroplast Vacuole
What's the most complicated cell? Plant cell
Departments and functions in the factory Organelle
Executive department decides what products are made Nucleus
Power plant provides energy for all process Mitochondrion
Workers produce materials Ribosomes
Packaging department assembles the products Golgy body
Factory floor where most products are assembled, finished and shipped Cytoplasma
Assembly line (where workers do their work) Endoplasmic reticulum
Shipping/ Receiving department Plasma membrane
   
47
Question loop
Q1 What simple units are all living things made of ? A1 Cells A25 The cell wall
Q2 What cell has a big vacuole and a cell wall? A2 A plant cell A1 Cells
Q3 What does chloroplast contain? A3 It contains the pigment to adsorb light energy for photosynthesis A2 A plant cell
Q4 What special feature does a sperm cell have? A4 A tail to allow it to move A3 It contains the pigment to adsorb light energy for photosynthesis
Q5 Why are root cells long and thin? A5 To give the maximum surface area to absorb water A4 A tail to allow it to move
Q6 What structures are made from tissues? A6 Organs are made from tissue A5 To give the maximum surface area to absorb water  
Q7 Why do the plant cells have a cell wall? A7 To keep its shape and support the plant A6 Organs are made from tissue  
Q8 Why are nerve cells long and thin? A8 To carry nerve impulses around the body A7 To keep its shape and support the plant
48
Q9 What useful product is made in photosynthesis? A9 Oxygen A8 To carry nerve impulses around the body
Q10 What is the function of the nucleus? A10 It controls the activities of the cell. A9 Oxygen
Q11 Which are the three parts of the cell that are only found in the plants? A11 Cell wall, chloroplasts and large permanent vacuole. A10 It controls the activities of the cell.
Q12 Where in the cell do most of the chemical reactions take place? A12 In the cytoplasm. A11 Cell wall, chloroplasts and large permanent vacuole.  
Q13 What does the cell membrane do? A13 It controls what passes in and out of the cell A12 In the cytoplasm
Q14 What occurs in the mitochondria? A14 The energy production A13 It controls what passes in and out of the cell
Q15 Which is the only cell without a nucleus? A15 The red blood cell A14 The energy production
Q16 Which organelles do the products assemble? A16 The Golgy body A15 The red blood cell
Q17 Which organelle do proteins produce? A17 the ribosome A16 The Golgy body
49
Q18 Where in the cell workers make proteins ? A18 In the endoplasmic reticulum A17 The ribosome
Q19 Which organelles does the sunlight use? A19 Chloroplasts A18 In the endoplasmic reticulum
Q20 What is the name of the heredity material in a cell? A20 DNA A19 Chloroplasts
Q21 Who is the first person to give the name cell? A 21 Robert Hook A20 DNA
Q22 What three things does a plant need for photosynthesis? A22 Water, carbon dioxide, light A 21 Robert Hook
Q23 A synonym of organism with many cells A23 Multicellular organism A22 Water, carbon dioxide, light
Q24 What is the job of lisosomes A24 Digest, destroy and recycle materials A23 Multicellular organism
Q25 Which part of a plant cell is made of cellulose? A25 Cell wall A24 Digest, destroy and recycle materials
Home
Sommario
50
Final test

• All living things are made up of cells.
• The inside of a cell is cytoplasm which is jelly
  like. 
• All cells have a cell membrane, which separates
  them from the outside world.
• Some organisms consist of only one cell, like
  amoeba or bacteria.
• All cells contain nucleus for storing
  information.
• All cells contain ribosomes for building
  proteins.
• The Golgy body prepares proteins for use and
  export.
• Plant cells have a group of green structures
  called chloroplasts. They use the energy from
  the Sun to make food.
• A unicellular organism is an animal cell that
  lives on its own, without other cells.
• 10. The mitochondria are often called the
  power plant of the cell.
•  

Home
Sommario
 
51
Bibliography
H. Kingston ( 2002) GCSE Biology Letts J.
Martin (2003) - Biology Cambridge

• Internet sites
• www.emc.maricopa.edu/.../ BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html
  
• www.coe.uga.edu/.../ glynn/models/cell/cell.html
• www.sirinet.net/jgjohnso/ comparingcells.html
• www.teach-nology.com/.../ science/rain/venn4/

Home
Sommario