Title: ???(protoplasm):???????
1???????
- ??????????????
- ???(protoplasm)???????
- (???????)
2???????
- ????(????)
- C?H?O?N?90
- S?P?CI?Ca?Na?K?Mg?Fe?9.9
- ????
- Cu?Zn?Mn?Mo?Co?I?0.1ok
3?(???????)?
???
?????????????????????
????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????,????????
4??????? ??(C?H?O?N??)??????90 ?
?????(H2O?CO2?NH4?H3PO4) ? ?
?
?????(??????????????) ? ?
?
?????(?????????????V) ? ??????
??? ???
??
5?????????????
- ???????????????
- ???????????
- ?????????
- ????( RNA )
- ??????( DNA )
6?????(A)????(G) ?????(C)????(U)?????(T)
?? ????
7????? (A)??? (G)??? (U)??? (C)??? (T)????
8????? ??? ????
OH
H
9ATP(?????)
10cAMP(?????)
11cGMP(?????)
122.DNA
????????????? ???????????? (???????)
-???
???????????????????????
13DNA???????
- ???????????????????
- ??????????????????,???????.
- ??????
- ????????0.34nm,???????3.4nm.
- ????AGTC
14????????DNA?
? 5-AGCTAATGGCC-33-TCGATTACCGG-5
???????,???????? ??????????DNA?????
15DNA???????????????
163.RNA
- ??????????(????????????)?
-
17????? ???? D? T?CG?
tRNA
tRNA
????
18???RNA?????????
- ?????????????? mRNA
- ???????,???????tRNA
- ???????,???????rRNA
?m messenger t transfer
r ribosomal
194.????
???????,??????
????????RNA???????????????
- ????DNA????????
- ??????????
- ????????????????
20 ???????
DNA
RNA ?? ????
?? A?G?C?T
A?G?C?U ?? ???
???
???????? ??????? ??
?? ??
????? ??????????? ??
?????? ??????
??????
21????????????????
???-???????
221.??????---???????????
- ???????????????(????????)
232.??????
???? ??????????????????
24?????????????
?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????
25????????????????????????????????
26?????????
- ??? ??
- ???? ??? ???
- ???? ????? ?????
- ???? ?? ?????
- ???? ?? ?? ?? ????????
- ???? ??? ???
- ???? ???? ???
- ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ?? ?? ?? ??????
27????????????
???????????
28???????????2030µm?????????????????,??????????????
????5cm?????0.1µm???????????1m?
?????
???????
?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????
µm 120 75 20 7 100 70 2.4x0.5 0.2x0.1
29?????????????
- ????????????
- ????(Prokaryotic cell)
- ????(Eukaryotic cell)
- ??????????????????,???????????????????????????
- ?????????????????,???????
- ?????????????????????????????
30?.???????
???
???
DNA
??
311.???(mycoplasma)
- ????????,?????0.20.3µm,???????
- ?????????DNA
- ????,??????????????????????
-
322.?????
- ????
- ?????,?????
- ?????????DNA,
- ??(plasmid)
- DNA??????,???????
33?.?????????
34??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???
??????????
??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??
????
?????
????????????
35??????????????
- ???? ????
- ?? ???? lt1 ? m 10-100 ? m
- ??? ?????? ??????
- DNA ???????? ????????????
- ??? 70S 80S
- ???? ??(?????) ??(?????????
- ?????)
- ???? ? ?
- ???? ???? ????
- DNA?? ???? ????
- ????? ???????? ????????
36???
- 1????????????????????????
- 2???DNA?RNA????
- 3???DNA?????????????
- 4????????????????????????
- 5?????????????????????????????????
37?????????
- ???????????http//www.cella.cn/book
- ???????????http//www.zsu.edu.cn
- ?????????(??)http//www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary
/ - ????????? (??) http//medweb.533.net/bioweb.htm/
- Current Opinion in Cell Biology
???????(??)?????????????? http//www.bmn.com/ - ??/????????? http//www.cellbio.com/recommend.ht
ml - Graphics Gallery
- http//www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/