ARTHROPODS

1
ARTHROPODS

• HOLT CH. 29
• PG. 701-711

2
ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS

• Segmented body

3
ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS

• Segmented body
• Jointed appendages

4
ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS

• Segmented body
• Jointed appendages
• Hard external skeleton

5
ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS

• Segmented body
• Jointed appendages
• Hard external skeleton
• Most have open circulatory system

6
ARTHROPOD CHARACTERISTICS

• Segmented body
• Jointed appendages
• Hard external skeleton
• Most have open circulatory system
• Many have wings

7
SEGMENTED BODY

• Individual body segments in larval stage

8
SEGMENTED BODY

• Individual body segments in larval stage
• Adults show 3 body segments
• Head
• Thorax (chest)
• Abdomen
• SOME display CEPHALOTHORAX (head and chest fused
  together)

9
JOINTED APPENDAGES

• APPENDAGE-structure that extends form arthropods
  body wall

10
JOINTED APPENDAGES

• APPENDAGE-structure that extends form arthropods
  body wall
• ARTHROPODjointed foot

11
EXOSKELETON

• EXOSKELETON-made of carbohydrate
  CHITIN-thin/flexible
• Muscles attach
• Appendages attach

12
EXOSKELETON

• EXOSKELTON-made of carbohydrate
  CHITIN-thin/flexible
• Muscles attach
• Appendages attach
• WATERPROOF

13
EXOSKELETON

• EXOSKELTON-made of carbohydrate
  CHITIN-thin/flexible
• Muscles attach
• Appendages attach
• WATERPROOF
• PROTECTION

14
REPSIRATION AND CIRCULATION

• SPIRACLES-air enters body through these openings

15
REPSIRATION AND CIRCULATION

• SPIRACLES-air enters body through these openings
• TRACHEA-tubes there air travels from spiracles to
  bloodstream

16
REPSIRATION AND CIRCULATION

• SPIRACLES-air enters body through these openings
• TRACHEA-tubes there air travels from spiracles to
  bloodstream
• Aquatic arthropods breath with gills

17
REPSIRATION AND CIRCULATION

• SPIRACLES-air enters body through these openings
• TRACHEA-tubes there air travels from spiracles to
  bloodstream
• Aquatic arthropods breath with gills
• OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

18
REPSIRATION AND CIRCULATION

• SPIRACLES-air enters body through these openings
• TRACHEA-tubes there air travels from spiracles to
  bloodstream
• Aquatic arthropods breath with gills
• OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Terrestrial arthropods breath with BOOK LUNGS

19
FEEDING/DIGESTION/EXCRETION

• Many mouthparts/appendages for taking in food

20
FEEDING/DIGESTION/EXCRETION

• Many mouthparts/appendages for taking in food
• MALPIGHIAN TUBULES-excretory system of arthropods-

21
FEEDING/DIGESTION/EXCRETION

• Many mouthparts/appendages for taking in food
• MALPIGHIAN TUBULES-excretory system of
  arthropods-
• Waste leaves through anus

22
COMPOUND EYE

• Composed of thousands of individual visual units

23
COMPOUND EYE

• Composed of thousands of individual visual units
• SOME also have simple eyes (single lenses)-see
  only light and dark, not images

24
LIFE CYCLE

• Most reproduce sexually

25
LIFE CYCLE

• Most reproduce sexually
• Usually internal fertilization

26
LIFE CYCLE

• Most reproduce sexually
• Usually internal fertilization
• Many have specialized reproductive organs

27
LIFE CYCLE

• Most reproduce sexually
• Usually internal fertilization
• Many have specialized reproductive organs
• MOLTING-shedding of exoskeleton to allow for
  growth

28
GROUPS OF ARTHROPODS

• 4 main groups (SUBPHYLA of phyla ARTHROPODA)

29
GROUPS OF ARTHROPODS

• 4 main groups (SUBPHYLA of phyla ARTHROPODA)
• HEXAPOD-insects

30
GROUPS OF ARTHROPODS

• 4 main groups (SUBPHYLA of phyla ARTHROPODA)
• HEXAPOD-insects
• MYRIAPODA-millipeds/centipedes
• CRUSTACEA-lobsters/shrimp

31
GROUPS OF ARTHROPODS

• 4 main groups (SUBPHYLA of phyla ARTHROPODA)
• HEXAPOD-insects
• MYRIAPODA-millipeds/centipedes
• CRUSTACEA-lobsters/shrimp
• CHELICERATA-spiders

32
GROUPS OF ARTHROPODS

• 4 main groups (SUBPHYLA of phyla ARTHROPODA)
• HEXAPOD-insects
• MYRIAPODA-millipeds/centipedes
• CRUSTACEA-lobsters/shrimp
• CHELICERATA-spiders
• SEE PG. 705!!!

33
GROUPS OF ARTHROPODS

• 4 main groups (SUBPHYLA of phyla ARTHROPODA)
• HEXAPOD-insects
• MYRIAPODA-millipeds/centipedes
• CRUSTACEA-lobsters/shrimp
• CHELICERATA-spiders
• SEE PG. 705!!!

34
SUCCESS OF ARTHROPODS

• More arthropods than all other animal groups
  COMBINED

35
SUCCESS OF ARTHROPODS

• More arthropods than all other animal groups
  COMBINED
• More than 5 million species identified (and
  growing)

36
SUCCESS OF ARTHROPODS

• More arthropods than all other animal groups
  COMBINED
• More than 5 million species identified (and
  growing)
• Exoskeleton provides protection (land and water)

37
SUCCESS OF ARTHROPODS

• More arthropods than all other animal groups
  COMBINED
• More than 5 million species identified (and
  growing)
• Exoskeleton provides protection (land and water)
• Wide range of food sources and habitats

38
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)

39
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)
• Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of
  appendages specialized for feeding)
• Modified into pincers or fangs

40
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)
• Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of
  appendages specialized for feeding)
• Modified into pincers or fangs
• PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle
  prey
• 4 pair of WALKING LEGS

41
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)
• Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of
  appendages specialized for feeding)
• Modified into pincers or fangs
• PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle
  prey
• 4 pair of WALKING LEGS

42
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)
• Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of
  appendages specialized for feeding)
• Modified into pincers or fangs
• PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle
  prey
• 4 pair of WALKING LEGS
• No antennae
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest)

43
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)
• Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of
  appendages specialized for feeding)
• Modified into pincers or fangs
• PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle
  prey
• 4 pair of WALKING LEGS
• No antennae
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest)
• ABDOMEN (belly)

44
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)
• Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of
  appendages specialized for feeding)
• Modified into pincers or fangs
• PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle
  prey
• 4 pair of WALKING LEGS
• No antennae
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest)
• ABDOMEN (belly)
• ARACHNIDS-largest class

45
ARACHNIDS

• SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA (spiders, scorpions, mites,
  ticks and horseshoe crabs)
• Have appendages called CHELICERAE (1st pair of
  appendages specialized for feeding)
• Modified into pincers or fangs
• PEDIPALPS-2nd pair of appendages-catch and handle
  prey
• 4 pair of WALKING LEGS
• No antennae
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest)
• ABDOMEN (belly)
• ARACHNIDS-largest class

46
CLASS ARACHNIDA

• All (except some mites) are carnivores

47
CLASS ARACHNIDA

• All (except some mites) are carnivores
• Most terrestrial

48
CLASS ARACHNIDA

• All (except some mites) are carnivores
• Most terrestrial
• Dont have jaws (consume only liquid food)

49
CLASS ARACHNIDA

• All (except some mites) are carnivores
• Most terrestrial
• Dont have jaws (consume only liquid food)
• Enzymes turn prey into liquid (see pg. 710-711)

50
CLASS ARACHNIDA

• All (except some mites) are carnivores
• Most terrestrial
• Dont have jaws (consume only liquid food)
• Enzymes turn prey into liquid (see pg. 710-711)
• Most do more good than harm (predators of insects)

51
SPIDERS

• Chelicerae of spiders modified into fangs

52
SPIDERS

• Chelicerae of spiders modified into fangs
• Poison glands secrete toxins (kills/paralyzes
  prey)

53
SPIDERS

• Chelicerae of spiders modified into fangs
• Poison glands secrete toxins (kills/paralyzes
  prey)
• 2 poisonous species in US
• BLACK WIDOW
• BROWN RECLUSE

54
SPIDERS

• Chelicerae of spiders modified into fangs
• Poison glands secrete toxins (kills/paralyzes
  prey)
• 2 poisonous species in US
• BLACK WIDOW
• BROWN RECLUSE
• SPINNERETS-appendages at end of abdomen-secrete
  sticky silk strands

55
BROWN RECLUSE
56
BLACK WIDOW
57
BLACK WIDOW VIDEO
58
SCORIONS/MITES/TICKS

• SCORPIONS-segmented abdomen ending in venomous
  stinger
• Grasping pincers-seizing food and sexual
  reproduction

59
SCORIONS/MITES/TICKS

• SCORPIONS-segmented abdomen ending in venomous
  stinger
• Grasping pincers-seizing food and sexual
  reproduction
• MITES/TICKS-head, thorax and abdomen fused into
  single unsegmented body
• Most not harmful
• Can spread viral/fungal infections (ex. Lymes
  disease)

60
SCORIONS/MITES/TICKS

• SCORPIONS-segmented abdomen ending in venomous
  stinger
• Grasping pincers-seizing food and sexual
  reproduction
• MITES/TICKS-head, thorax and abdomen fused into
  single unsegmented body
• Most not harmful
• Can spread viral/fungal infections (ex. Lymes
  disease)
• HORSESHOE CRAB-
• Ancient group of invertebrates (400 million years)

61
SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA

• Most marine, some fresh water

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SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA

• Most marine, some fresh water
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN

63
SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA

• Most marine, some fresh water
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN
• Appendages on abdomen

64
SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA

• Most marine, some fresh water
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN
• Appendages on abdomen
• Have mandibles for feeding and two antennae

65
SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA

• Most marine, some fresh water
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN
• Appendages on abdomen
• Have mandibles for feeding and two antennae
• Breathe with gills

66
SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA

• Most marine, some fresh water
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN
• Appendages on abdomen
• Have mandibles for feeding and two antennae
• Breathe with gills
• CARAPACE-exoskeleton of cephalothorax

67
SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA

• Most marine, some fresh water
• CEPHALOTHORAX (head chest) and ABDOMEN
• Appendages on abdomen
• Have mandibles for feeding and two antennae
• Breathe with gills
• CARAPACE-exoskeleton of cephalothorax
• NAUPLIUS-larval form (molts to become adult)

68
TERRESTRIAL CRUSTACEANS

• Sand fleas, isopods, land crabs (only PARTIALLY
  adapted for land-tied to ocean)

69
AQUATIC CRUSTACEANS

• Fairy shrimp, water fleas, copepods (most
  abundant multicelled food source), krill,
  barnacles (sessile),

70
AQUATIC CRUSTACEANS

• Fairy shrimp, water fleas, copepods (most
  abundant multicelled food source), krill,
  barnacles (sessile),
• DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs)

71
AQUATIC CRUSTACEANS

• Fairy shrimp, water fleas, copepods (most
  abundant multicelled food source), krill,
  barnacles (sessile),
• DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs)
• CARAPACE-hood over cephalothorax

72
AQUATIC CRUSTACEANS

• Fairy shrimp, water fleas, copepods (most
  abundant multicelled food source), krill,
  barnacles (sessile),
• DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs)
• CARAPACE-hood over cephalothorax
• LARVAnauplius (MOLTS several times to allow for
  growth)

73
AQUATIC CRUSTACEANS

• Fairy shrimp, water fleas, copepods (most
  abundant multicelled food source), krill,
  barnacles (sessile),
• DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs)
• CARAPACE-hood over cephalothorax
• LARVAnauplius (MOLTS several times to allow for
  growth)
• FOOD CHAIN-fairy shrimp, water fleas, krill

74
AQUATIC CRUSTACEANS

• Fairy shrimp, water fleas, copepods (most
  abundant multicelled food source), krill,
  barnacles (sessile),
• DECAPODS-crayfish, crabs, lobsters (5 pair legs)
• CARAPACE-hood over cephalothorax
• LARVAnauplius (MOLTS several times to allow for
  growth)
• FOOD CHAIN-fairy shrimp, water fleas, krill
• SESSILE-barnacles

75
DECAPODS

• LARGEST GROUP OF CRUSTACEANS
• CHELIPEDS-pinchers

76
DECAPODS

• LARGEST GROUP OF CRUSTACEANS
• Shrimp, crayfish, crab, lobsters
• CHELIPEDS-pinchers
• SWIMMERETS-swimming legs on ventral abdomen

77
DECAPODS

• LARGEST GROUP OF CRUSTACEANS
• Shrimp, crayfish, crab, lobsters
• CHELIPEDS-pinchers
• SWIMMERETS-swimming legs on ventral abdomen
• UROPOD-flattened tail on posterior end (swim
  backwards)