Arthropods

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Arthropods
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Arthropod Overview

• jointed appendages allow for flexibility,
  movement, and feeding
• body is segmented (head, thorax, abdomen)
• Hard exoskeleton (retains water)
• gills, book lungs, or tracheal tubes used in
  respiration
• Malphigian tubules used in excretion
• well-developed nervous system and senses
• open circulatory system
• bilateral symmetry and cephalized

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Why are insects so successful?

• Use all habitats
• High reproduction rates
• Small size
• Hard exoskeleton
• Jointed appendages
• Evolved from annelids
• (segmented roundworms)

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• Kingdom Animalia Page 1068
• Phylum Arthropoda
• Subphylum Crustacea (Lobsters, Crabs)
• Subphylum Chelicerata
• Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crab)
• Class Arachnida (Spiders, Scorpions)
• Subphylum Uniramia
• Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)
• Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
• Class Insecta (Termites, Beetles)

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Why Study Insects?

• Everywhere
• Ancient
• Used in research
• Pest management
• Agriculture
• Vectors of Disease
• Recyclers/Decomposers
• Forensics
• Entomology study of insects

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Order Odonata

• Dragonflies Damselflies
• 5,000 species
• Wings are long and vented.
• Mouthparts are chewing type.

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Order Mantodea

• Mantids
• 2,000 species
• Common name is praying mantis
• Prey upon crickets, grasshoppers, birds, bats,
  mice, and even themselves.
• Stealthy insect with very quick reflexes

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Order Orthoptera

• Grasshopper, cricket
• 30,000 species
• Wings fold underneath.
• Hind leg is enlarged.

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Order Homoptera

• Cicada
• 20,000 species

http//www.kenoshanews.com/cicada/
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Order Siphonoptera

• Fleas
• 1,200 species
• Often ectoparasitic

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Order Coleoptera

• Beetles
• 500,000 species (largest insect order!!!)
• Larva stage is called a grub

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Order Lepidoptera

• Butterflies and moths
• 140,000 species
• Metamorphosis is complete.
• Larva is called a caterpillar.

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Order Hymenoptera

• Bees, wasps, ants
• 90,000 species
• Social insects.

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Order Diptera

• Flies, mosquitoes
• 80,000 species
• Metamorphosis is complete.
• Larva is called a maggot.

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Order Blattodea

• Roaches
• 4,000 species

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Order Isoptera

• Termites
• 2,000 species

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Order Hemiptera

• True Bugs
• Stink bugs
• 55,000 species

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Class Chilopoda

• Centipedes
• Fast-moving
• Carnivorous
• One pair of legs per segment

Venomous claws
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Class Diplopoda

• Millipedes
• Herbivores
• Coil when disturbed and excrete repellent fluids
• Two pairs of legs per segment