Russian and Tokugawa Empires 1450-1750

1
Russian and Tokugawa Empires 1450-1750

• Aim Describe the major political, economic and
  social achievements of the Asian empires?

2
Rise of Empire Russia

• Ivan the Great (1440-1505)
• Creates a strong army
• Used loyalties to the Orthodox Church
• Ivan the Terrible (1533-1584)
• Increased power of the tsar
• Patterns of Expansion
• Cossacks
• End independence of Central Asia
• Multinational Empire

3
Ivan the Great
Ivan the Terrible
4
Political Systems Russia

• Tsarist Autocracy
• Bureaucracy
• Pugachev Rebellion
• European-style military
• Gunpowder
• Western Expansion
• Western capital
• Warm water port
• Partition of Poland
• Frequent wars with the Ottoman Empire

5
Social Systems Russia

• Rise of Serfdom
• Encouraged by the government
• Lacked the bureaucracy needed to control the
  people
• Made hereditary in 1649
• Strengthened by Catherine the Great
• Conditions of Serfs
• Serfs could be bought sold
• Used village governments to regulate lives
• Illiterate and very poor
• Led to rebellions
• Pugachev rebellion

6
Culture Russia

• Westernization
• Peter the Great
• Traveled to the West to study science
  technology
• Modernized the military the economy
• Women were given more freedoms
• Encouraged Western culture

7
Culture Russia

• Catherine the Great
• Enlightened despot
• Built schools and hospitals
• Religious tolerance
• Patronized Western art
• Hermitage Museum
• Censored political writings that encouraged
  democracy and abolition of serfdom
• Radishev

Catherine the Great
8
John Muir in Russia, 1903

• This site surveys the reflections made by
  American naturalist John Muir during a visit to
  Russia in 1903. Muir, like most travelers, sees
  what he wants to seem or expects to see. Or does
  he?
• http//www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/john_m
  uir_newsletter/john_muir_in_russia_by_bill_brennan
  .aspx
• In 1903, Russia was on the brink of implosion.
  How did it seem to Muir? What kind of insight can
  you derive from Muirs views of the Russian
  countryside? Was Russia one vast Potemkin
  Village? Was it difficult for a mere traveler to
  perceive dark undercurrents, or was much of
  Russia simply better off than the those who
  opposed the Czarist regime argued? Perhaps it was
  a mixture of all these factors. Refer to specific
  references in this essay as you offer an answer
  to these questions.

9
Unification of Japan

• Four centuries of feudal warfare ended in 1600 CE
• Oda Nobunaga (d. 1582)
• Introduced firearms to Japanese warfare
• Made alliances with Christian missionaries
• Toyotomi Hideyoshi (d. 1598)
• Tokugawa Ieyasu (d. 1616)
• Finally unified Japan in 1603
• Starting the Tokugawa Shogunate
• Japan becomes a feudalmonarchy

10
Japanese Isolation

• Early support for foreigners replaced with
  xenophobia
• Many rejected Chinese learning
• Supported the school of National Learning
• Passed a series of seclusion acts
• Japanese seclusion act of 1636
• Limited influence of the West
• Dutch were limited to the port of Nagasaki
• Some interest in Western ideas continued
• Schools of Dutch Studies

11
Tokugawa Culture

• Tea houses, brothels, theater, and public baths
  were popular
• New forms of theater kabuki bunraku (elaborate
  puppet shows)
• Ukiyo-e or woodblock prints

12
Life in Tokugawa Japan

• http//www.docstoc.com/docs/147275961/Life-in-Toku
  gawa-Japan
• This site offers a glimpse into the social
  structure of Tokugawa society.
• Questions
• What was one element that characterized all or
  part of each of these strata or levels? Are the
  eta similar to any outcast group in Asia in terms
  of their occupation?

13
Rulers at the end of the 16th century

• Left to Right
• Akbar the Great (1542-1605)
• Elizabeth I the Virgin Queen (1533-1603)
• Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)
• Shah Abbas the Great (1571-1629)

14
Comparative Essay Question 2007

• Compare the historical processes of empire
• building in the Spanish maritime empire during
• the period from 1450 through 1800 with the
• historical processes of empire building in ONE of
• the following land-based empires.
• The Ottoman Empire
• OR
• The Russian Empire
• https//sites.google.com/site/worldofcrowe/essayhe
  lp-apworldhistory