The Rise of Mali

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The Rise of Mali

• Section 3

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Standard 7.4.3

• Describe the role of trans-Saharan caravan trade
  in the changing religious and cultural
  characteristics of West Africa and the influence
  of Islamic beliefs, ethics, and law.

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Section Focus Question

• How did Mali become a great empire that reflected
  the influence of Islam?

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Background Knowledge

• Ghana never recovered from the Almoravid
  invasion. But a new empire grew up in the same
  region. This section, will cover the growth of
  the Mali Empire. As well as the growing influence
  of Islam in West Africa.

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Empire of Ghana
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The Rise of Mali

• Ghana had ruled many small kingdoms. After the
  empire of Ghana fell, these kingdoms competed for
  power. The old caravan routes became dangerous,
  and trade suffered.

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Sumanguru, the Sorcerer King

• In about 1203, Sumanguru took over what was left
  of the old empire of Ghana
• Legend says he was a cruel ruler and possessed a
  magical balafon
• taxed his subjects
• Stole gold
• kidnapped wives and daughters
• killed anyone who might challenge his power.
• Killed 11 of the Malinke kings 12 sons.
• Sundiata was crippled and left alive

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Sundiata, the HungeringLion

• In 1235, according to oral histories, Sundiatas
  army crushed Sumanguru forces in a great battle.
• Legend states that Sundiata vanquished the evil
  Sumanguru by shoting him with an arrow tipped
  with the spur of a white rooster

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A New Empire

• Sundiatas victory marked the beginning of the
  new empire of Mali.
• conquered the gold-producing regions
• controlled the gold-salt trade.
• encouraged people to clear more land for farming.
  
• Sundiata became Malis national hero.
• Other rulers continued to expand the empire. By
  the 1300s, Mali was about the size of Western
  Europe.

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Checkpoint

• How did Sundiata gain control of the gold-salt
  trade?

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A Great Empire

• Mali had become a world power.
• Traded with Egypt, North Africa, and the nations
  of southern Europe.
• its wealth came from its control of the gold-salt
  trade.

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A Great Empire

• Mali adopted the religion of Islam.
• Conversion to change religion
• closer ties between Mali and North Africa that
  influenced the culture and customs of Mali.

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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj
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Mansa Musas Hajj

• In 1324, Mansa Musa ,a deeply devout Muslim, made
  a hajj
• He set off from Mali in a very splendid manner
• The king and all his servants, clothed in fine
  silks, were accompanied by more than 80 camels
  carrying heavy bags of gold dust

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Mansa Musas Hajj

• He spent and gave away too much gold in Cairo
• he ran out of gold
• He had to borrow money to finish his hajj.
• his spending upset the Egyptian economy
• gold lost much of its value.
• Inflation - a general rise in prices

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Islamic Culture in Mali

• Mansa Musa also spent his wealth to encourage
  Islamic learning.
• Brought Egyptian scholars, artists, and teachers
  with him.
• As-Saheli designed and built great mosques in
  Djenné, Gao, and Timbuktu
• Timbuktu became a center for Islamic scholarship
  and attracted students and teachers from North
  Africa and the Middle East

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Expansion and Exploration

• Mansa Musa ruled Mali for 25 years. During his
  long reign, he extended Malis territory north
  and westward to the Atlantic Ocean.
• Malis rulers may have even tried to explore
  beyond Africa.
• King Abubakar II, Mansa Musa older brother, was
  said to have built a fleet of ships to explore
  the Atlantic Ocean only one ship returned.
• Then, he sent out an even greater fleet. The
  ships set out to sea and were never seen again.

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Ibn Battuta Visits Mali

• In 1352, a Moroccan diplomat representing the
  sultan, Ibn Battuta, spent several months in Mali
  ruled by Mansa Suleiman, Musas brother and
  successor
• He was impressed by the way its people strictly
  followed Islam.

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Checkpoint

• Why did Mansa Musa travel to Mecca?

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Looking Back and Ahead

• We have read about the rise of the Mali Empire.
  You also learned about the growing influence of
  Islam in West Africa. In the next chapter, you
  will learn more about the cultures of West Africa.

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