Nez Perce

1

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• Also the Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima, and
  Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation

2

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• (regionally) The Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima,
  and Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation

3

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• Also the Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima, and
  Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation

4

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• Also the Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima, and
  Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation
• 1855 Treaty
• Included the Wallowa Valley and Joseph the Elders
  tribe
• Agree b/c promises

5

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• Also the Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima, and
  Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation
• 1855 Treaty
• Included the Wallowa Valley and Joseph the
  Elders band
• Agree b/c promises
• 1863 Created Lapwai (lap-way)
• Took away 6 million acres
• Joseph refuses to sign

6

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• Also the Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima, and
  Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation
• 1855 Treaty
• Included the Wallowa Valley and Joseph the
  Elders band
• Agree b/c promises
• 1863 Created Lapwai (lap-way)
• Took away 6 million acres
• Joseph refuses to sign
• 1871 Joseph Elder dies son becomes leader
• Hin-Mut-Too-Yah-Lah-Kekt
• Ordered to move but refused

7

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• Also the Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima, and
  Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation
• 1855 Treaty
• Included the Wallowa Valley and Joseph the
  Elders band
• Agree b/c promises
• 1863 Created Lapwai (lap-way)
• Took away 6 million acres
• Joseph refuses to sign
• 1871 Joseph Elder dies son becomes leader
• Hin-Mut-Too-Yah-Lah-Kekt
• Ordered to move but refused
• 1873 temporary halt to settlers

8

• Nez Perce Nimiipu
• Also the Walla Walla, Umatilla, Yakima, and
  Cayuse
• Geography of the reservation
• 1855 Treaty
• Included the Wallowa Valley and Joseph the
  Elders band
• Agree b/c promises
• 1863 Created Lapwai (lap-way)
• Took away 6 million acres
• Joseph refuses to sign
• 1871 Joseph Elder dies son becomes leader
• Hin-Mut-Too-Yah-Lah-Kekt
• Ordered to move but refused
• 1873 temporary halt to settlers
• 1875 valley reopened
• 1877 General O.O. Howard orders forced removal
• BEGINNING OF THE END!

9
(No Transcript)
10

• 10/5/1877
• Surrenders after nearly 1,500 miles and promise
  to return to Lapwai
• Around 400 of 700 alive
• Some make it to Canada

11
One of The last major battles of the Indian Wars

• 11/1877 The Nez Perce were sent by train to
  Fort Leavenworth, Kansas by way of St. Paul
• 7/1878 - The Nez Perce are shipped to
  northeastern Indian Territory
• 5/1885 250 surviving Nez Perce are shipped to
  Wallula, Washington and are divided up 118
  return to the reservation in Idaho, and 149 go
  with Chief Joseph to the Colville reservation in
  north central Washington.

12

• The Dawes Act of 1887 allotted 160 acres to each
  Indian adult and 80 acres to each minor child.
  The remaining 542,000 acres of the reservation
  were then ceded to the government and opened to
  white settlement. Today, less than 90,000 acres
  of the Nez Perce Reservation remains in Nez Perce
  hands.

13
1899 Joseph visits the Wallowas for the last
time 9/21/1904 Joseph dies
14
Questioning

• What experiences did the Nez Perce share with
  other native tribes in the late 1800s?
• How are contemporary natives shaped by the story
  of Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce?
• What are some of the commercial, political, and
  cultural beliefs that underwrote each cultural
  approach to compromise?