Early Native Americans

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Early Native Americans

• Chapter 1, Section 3 Pages 28 - 33

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Did You Know?

• Native Americans who hunted buffalo, such as the
• Apache and Navajo, relied on the animal for meat.
• The buffalo, however, served other uses such as
• hides for clothing, pouches, and dolls hair for
• headdresses and pillow stuffing tails for whips
  
• hoofs for glue and horns for cups and spoons.

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The Anasazi

• The Anasazi lived in an area known as the Four
  Corners
• (or the meeting place) of present-day Utah,
  Colorado,
• Arizona, and New Mexico from A.D. 1 to A.D. 1300.
• The Anasazi built stone and cliff dwellings. A
  pueblo or stone dwelling looked like an apartment
  building.
• The cliff dwellings were built into the walls of
  steep cliffs. Pueblo Bonito and Mesa Verde are
  examples of each.
• In about 1300, the Anasazi left these dwellings
  to settle in smaller communities, perhaps due to
  droughts during which their crops dried up.

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The Hohokam

• The Hohokam lived in the desert of present-day
• Arizona. Their civilization flourished from
  about A.D.
• 300 to A.D. 1300.
• They built irrigation channels to bring water to
  the hot, dry land from the nearby Gila and Salt
  Rivers and left behind pottery, carved stone, and
  shells.

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Mound Builders and Adena

• The Mound Builders lived in central North America
• from present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi
• River valley. They built mounds of earth that
  looked
• like the Aztec stone pyramids.
• The Adena were hunters and gatherers and among
• the earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio
  Valley
• around 800 B.C.

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The Hopewell and Cahokia

• The Hopewell people were farmers and traders who
• built large burial mounds shaped like birds,
  bears, and
• snakes. They left behind pearls, shells, cloth,
  and
• copper in the mounds to show their variety of
  trade.
• The Cahokia built the largest settlement in
  present
• day Illinois. This city may have had 16,000
  people.
• The highest mound, Monks Mound, rose nearly 100
• feet and was probably the highest structure north
  of
• Mexico.

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The Inuit

• The peoples of the North were the Inuit, settling
  in the
• cold Artic region.
• The Inuit built igloos to protect themselves from
  severe weather.
• They wore furs and sealskins to keep them warm
  and dry.
• They were hunters and fishers.

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People of the West

• Among the peoples of the West were Chinook,
• Haida, Nez Perce, Pomo, Shoshone, Tlingit, Ute,
• and Yakima.
• They used the resources of the forest and sea as
  they hunted and gathered.
• The Shoshone and Ute created temporary shelters
  as they traveled for food.

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People of the Southwest

• The peoples of the Southwest were the Acoma, the
• Hopi, and the Zuni. Their homes were made of
  adobe
• bricks, and they raised maize, beans, and squash.
• The Apache and Navajo settled in the region in
  the
• 1500s. They were hunters and gatherers, unlike
  the
• other people of the region, and built square
  homes
• called hogans.

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People of the Plains

• The peoples of the Plains were nomads.
• They hunted and farmed and built tents called
  tepees that they moved with them from place to
  place.
• They learned to tame wild horses and used them to
  hunt and fight.

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People of the East

• The peoples of the East, the Cherokee and the
  Iroquois,
• formed complex political systems of governing.
• The Iroquois formed five groups the Onondaga,
  the Seneca, the Mohawk, the Oneida, and the
  Cayuga.
• Until the late 1500s when these groups formed
  the Iroquois League, also called the Iroquois
  Confederacy, they fought wars with one another.

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People of the Southeast

• The peoples of the Southeast were the Creek,
• Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, and Seminole.
• They farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands
• climate of the south.

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Discussion Questions

• Why do you think the dwellings of these early
  Native Americans (the pueblos, mounds, and cliff
  dwellings) were large and massive?
• Why do you think the different Native American
  groups developed a wide variety of cultures?