Communication II: Creating effective communication

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Communication IICreating effective communication
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(No Transcript)
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Relationships 2D Space
Self presentation
Not a lot
If you want it, have to design it
Social influence Motivation
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Communication Tools

• T-group model
• Argyris Model II communication
• Military model -- Cypress Semiconductor
• Precision Questioning -- Microsoft
• Constructive Engagement -- Intel

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How to move up?


Experimenting

3,600
Opening


Owning



Not experimenting

34,000
Not opening

Not owning

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Carl Rogers Client Centered Approach

• Began in psychotherapy
• Goal Maximize individual potential Assumptions
• Individual has latent resources for authenticity
• Others facilitate through listening, empathy, and
  unconditional positive regard
• Not skill oriented, more attitude-oriented

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T-groups in organizations

• Recreate Rogerian conditions
• Key processes
• Unfreezing habitual routines silent leader
• Self generated change
• Experiment with new behaviors
• Practice description not evaluation
• Refreezing (reinforce new behaviors in groups)

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Applications to organizations

• Is unconditional positive regard possible?
• Even if individual has potential, does she have
  knowledge and skill to change?
• Evidence for effectiveness unclear
• Individual changed but organization has not
• Learning cannot be exported
• Creating T-group situation is not enough

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Model II Skills

• Advocate State inferences clearly
• Illustrate provide data
• Inquire check meanings
• Test allow refutation

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Communication at Cypress Semiconductor

• Are you on schedule?
• No.
• How far off schedule are you?
• 10 weeks.
• What is the primary reason for your slip?
• Design complications.
• What have you changed in your routine or spec so
  that this wont happen again?

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Cypress Semiconductor

• Question-driven communication
• Puts power in hands of questioner
• Relies on hierarchical structure
• Value on honesty, integrity, commitment
• Information is potentially lost
• Uncomfortable for many organization members

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Microsoft

• Precision Questioning
• Students at the University of Michigan are
  becoming better writers.
• Test assumptions and causal reasoning
• Demands ego strength
• Relies on assessment of credibility
• Breaks basic rules of conversation and politeness

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Intel

• Constructive Engagement
• Dont come to meeting without an opinion
• Be prepared to argue for your opinion
• Be prepared to change your mind
• Be prepared to change the minds of others
• May the strongest idea win
• Counters emphasis on personality or status

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Summary

• Tools attempt to maximize authentic exchange of
  information
• Emphasize individual reflection, responsibility
  and accountability
• Difficult to learn because violate many
  conversational rules
• Practice helps counter defensive routines with
  new communication skills