Puritanism

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Puritanism
-Puritans and puritanism-
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- Windsor castle -
Windsor castle is situated in the south-east of
England and it is near London. It is the biggest
castle in the world and it has been inhabited for
a lot of years.
With Buckingam Palace it is one of the main
residences of the British monarchy the Queen
Elizabeth II spends here a lot of weekends during
the year and she uses it for civil and private
meetings.
It dates back at the time of William the
Conqueror but in the 17th century it bacame
headquarter of Oliver Cromwell (representative
of the Puritans) and his soldiers. In this period
the castle suffered damages because the soldiers
were underpaied and to escape wars,
the State allowed them to steal castles
treasures.
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During the period of the Commonwealth the castle
was so described La casa del Re è una baracca
tutti si riuniscono qui, dal fanatico, allo
straccione, allo sguattero, tutti sono al
lavoro... Tutti alloggiano dove possono, nelle
torri e nei gabinetti.
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Oliver Cromwell

• Oliver Cromwell was born in 25 April 1599 he
  was
  an English Puritan, best
  known in England as the founder of Commonwealth
  and for his rule as Lord Protector
  of England, Scotland and Ireland.
• 
  
• After the execution of King Charles I in
  1649, Cromwell dominated the short-lived
  Commonwealth of England and conquered Ireland and
  Scotland
• Cromwell made puritanism an essential part
  of his life, but his Commonwealth collapsed after
  his death and the royal family was restored in
  1660.
• He was elected Member of Parliament for
  Cambridge in the Short and Long Parliaments.
• He entered the English Civil War on the side
  of the "Roundheads" or Parliamentarians and
  became a key military leader.

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• In 1649 he was one of the signatories of
  Charles I's death warrant and was a member of the
  Rump Parliament, which selected him to take
  command of the English campaign in Ireland during
  164950.
• He led a campaign against the Scottish army
  between 1650 and 1651.
• On 20 April 1653 he dismissed the Rump
  Parliament by force.
• Cromwell has been one of the most
  controversial figures in the history of the
  British Isles, considered a regicidal dictator by
  some historians.
• In a 2002 BBC, Cromwell was elected as one
  of the Top 10 Britons of all time.
  His measures against Catholics in Scotland and
  Ireland have been characterised as genocidal or
  near-genocidal.
• He died on 3 September 1658 and he was
  buried in Westminster Abbey.

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The Puritans

• The Puritans were a large group of English
  Protestants during the 16th and 17th centuries.
• The word "Puritan was historically used to
  characterize Protestant groups as extremists
  people.
• Initially, Puritans were mainly concerned
  with religious matters, rather than politics or
  social matters.
  
  
  
• They had strange views on clerical dress, in
  opposition with that of the episcopal system.

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• They largely adopted Sabbatarian views in the
  17th century, and were influenced by
  Millennialism.
• In alliance with the growing commercial
  world, Puritanism became an important political
  force in England and came to power as a result of
  the First English Civil War.
  
  
• After the English Restoration of 1660 all
  Puritan clergy left the Church of England and
  some of them became nonconformist ministers.
  For this reason
  the nature of the movement in England radically
  changed.

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• Puritans felt that the Church of England was
  tolerant of practices which they associated with
  the Catholic Church ? so they identified with
  various religious groups advocating greater
  "purity" of worship and doctrine.
• During the reign of Elizabeth I, Puritans
  appeared as a reforming movement politically,
  they attempted unsuccessfully to have Parliament
  pass legislation to replace episcopacy with a
  congregational form of churc governance.
• They held out little hope for those who
  remained attached to "popish superstitions" and
  worldliness
• ? Puritanism was fundamentally
  anti-Catholic Puritans felt that the Church of
  England was still too close to Catholicism and
  needed to be reformed further.

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Beliefs

• There were works of theology written by
  Puritans, but there is no theology that is
  distinctive of Puritans.
  
  
• In the relation of churches to civil power,
  Puritans believed that secular governors were
  accountable to God to protect and reward virtue,
  including "true religion.
• They opposed the supremacy of the monarch
• in the church, and argued that
• the only head of the Church in Heaven and
  Earth
• was Christ.
  
• Puritans appreciated both individual and
  corporate conformity to the teaching of the
  Bible.

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• They believed that man existed for the glory
  of God that his first concern in life was to do
  God's will and so to receive future happiness.
• Puritan reforms were typified by rituals and
  decorations and by an unambiguous emphasis on
  preaching.
• Calvinists generally believed that the
  worship in the church should be strictly
  regulated by what is commanded in the Bible.
• They loved simplicity in worship and during
  these ceremonies they were not used to use
  strange vestments, images, candles, and music.
• They did not celebrate traditional holidays
  which they believed to be in violation of the
  regulative principle.

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Family and marriage

• Puritans usually migrated to New England as a
  unit family.
• Puritan men of the generation of the Great
  Migration believed that a good Puritan wife did
  not linger in Britain a wife had some real
  authority in the family.
• Puritan marriage choices were influenced by
  young peoples inclination, by parents, and by
  the social rank of the persons involved.
• Problems between husband and wife could
  terminate marriage.
• 
  

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• Upon finding a suitable match, husband and
  wife in America followed the steps needed to
  legitimize their marriage, including
• 1) a contract,
  comparable to todays practice of
• engagement
• 2) the announcement of
  this contract
• 3) execution of the
  contract at a church
• 4) a celebration of the
  event at the home of the groom
• 5) sexual intercourse.
• An English Common Law provided that when a
  woman married, should gave all her property to
  her husband and became a feme covert, losing her
  separate civil identity in him.
  
  Doing this, she accepted her
  role as managing her husbands house and
  educating her children.

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Puritanism

• Puritanism was an English and Scottish
  movement of 17th century wich was only based on
  the Bible and wich predicated a strict moral.
• It was founded after the accession of
  Elizabeth I of England in 1559,
• as an activist movement within the Church of
  England, but it was subjected to repression,
  under both Elizabeths and James reign.
• The Puritan movement of Jacobean times became
  distinctive by adaptation and compromise, with
  the emergence of "semi-separatism", "moderate
  puritanism", the writings of William Bradshaw who
  adopted the term "Puritan" as self-identification,
  and the beginnings of Congregationalism.
  
• Most Puritans were non-separating and remained
  within the Church of England, and Separatists who
  left the Church of England altogether were
  numerically much fewer.