TREE ANATOMY

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TREE ANATOMY
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TREE CUT-AWAY
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WARPS IN LUMBER
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• A reaction of organic compounds from carbon
  dioxide and water.
• Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, the green
  pigment present in leaves.
• This creates energy for the tree.
• The by-product off this reaction is oxygen.
  

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DIVISIONS OF TREES

• Coniferous Trees
• Softwood
• Bears needles
• Evergreens
• Bears cones to reproduce

• Deciduous Trees
• Hardwood
• Bears leaves
• Lose their leaves in winter
• Bears fruits and nuts to reproduce

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CONIFEROUS TREES(SOFTWOOD)

• Lodgepole Pine
• Pale-yellow sapwood is soft.
• Heartwood is deep yellow to reddish- brown.
• Resinous.

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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

• White Pine
• Straight grain.
• Pale-yellow to pale-brown in colour.
• Fine resin-duct marks.

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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

• Douglas Fir
• One of the strongest softwoods.
• Straight grain.
• Reddish-brown timber.
• Pronounced grain.

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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

• Yellow Spruce
• Non-resinous.
• Creamy-white wood.
• Slightly pink heartwood.

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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

• Western Red Cedar
• Soft aromatic timber.
• Reddish-brown in colour.
• Resistant to mildew and rotting.

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CONIFEROUS TREES (SOFTWOOD)

• Yellow Cedar
• Pale-yellow even textured wood.
• Fine straight grain.

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF HARDWOODS

• Ring-porous clearly defined pores along the
  growth ring, usually two to three high.
• Diffuse-porous have pores distributed relatively
  evenly throughout the growth ring.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Red Oak
• Ring-porous.
• Straight grained.
• Pinkish-red in colour.
• 4.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• White Oak
• Ring-porous.
• Straight grained.
• Medium coarse texture.
• Whiter wood than red oak.
• 6.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• White Ash
• Ring-porous.
• Course but generally straight grained wood.
• White sapwood.
• Pale-brown heartwood.
• 5.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Red Alder
• Diffuse-porous.
• One of the softest hardwoods.
• Can dent with finger nail.
• Pale-yellow to reddish-brown colour.
• 3.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Western Maple
• Diffuse-porous.
• Softer hardwood.
• Straight grain.
• Light creamy-brown colour.
• 3.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Eastern Rock Maple
• Diffuse-porous.
• Very hard heavy hardwood.
• White sapwood.
• Straight grain.
• 6.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Birds Eye Maple
• Diffuse-porous.
• Very hard heavy hardwood.
• White sapwood.
• Has a lot of eyes all over the wood.
• 11.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• White Birch
• Diffuse-porous
• Fine straight grained wood.
• Creamy-white sapwood.
• Pale-brown heartwood.
• 4.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• American Black Cherry
• Diffuse-porous
• Hard straight grained wood.
• Heartwood is reddish-brown to deep red.
• Brown flecks and some gum pockets.
• Looks similar to Western Maple.
• 5.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Black Walnut
• Diffuse-porous.
• Softer hardwood.
• Usually straight grained, but can be wavy.
• Rich dark brown to purplish-black.
• 6.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Philippine Mahogany
• Diffuse-porous.
• Very open grained wood.
• Rough texture.
• Light brown colour.
• 6.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Honduras Mahogany
• Diffuse-porous.
• Medium textured wood.
• Straight grained.
• Heartwood is reddish-brown to deep red colour.
• 9.65 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Purpleheart
• Diffuse-porous.
• Uniform fine to medium texture wood.
• Grain direction changes without warning.
• Very hard.
• Attractive purple colour.
• 7.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Orange Padauk
• Diffuse-porous.
• Very hard and heavy wood.
• Rich red to purple-brown colour with red streaks.
• 10.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Bubinga
• Diffuse-porous.
• Straight or interlocked and irregular grain.
• Red-brown in colour, with purple veining.
• 12.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Wenge
• Diffuse-porous.
• Very coarse textured wood.
• Light brown with dark purple veins.
• Very hard and heavy hardwood.
• 14.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Zebrawood
• Diffuse-porous.
• Coarse textured wood.
• White wood with dark brown vein lines.
• Grain direction changes without warning.
• 17.50 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Cocobolo
• Diffuse-porous.
• Hard, heavy, tough wood with irregular grain.
• Attractive colour, with purple to yellow, with
  black markings.
• 22.75 per bdft.

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DECIDUOUS TREES (HARDWOOD)

• Ebony
• Diffuse-porous.
• Hard, dense, and heavy wood.
• Fine even texture.
• Straight, irregular or wavy grain.
• Dark brown to black colour.
• 92.00 per bdft.

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MAN-MADE BOARDS
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PLYWOOD BOARDS

• Decorative plywood.
• Three-ply board.
• Multi-ply.
• Hardwood plywood.
• Fir core plywood.

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PARTICLE BOARDS

• Single-layer chipboard.
• Three-layer chipboard.
• Melamine chipboard.
• Oriented-strand board.
• Flakeboard.

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FIBREBOARDS

• High-density (HM) board.
• Low-density (LM) board.
• Medium-density fibreboard (MDF).
• Oak-veneered MDF board.
• Standard hardboard.
• Tempered hardboard.
• Embossed hardboard.
• Decorative-faced hardboard.
• Perforated hardboard.

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HARDWOOD PLYWOOD VS. SOLID HARDWOOD

• PROS
• Does not warp like solid lumber will.
• Cut the size you want. No need to glue up
  panels.
• Cheaper than solid woods.
• Uses less trees to make hardwood plywood, than
  using solid lumber.

• CONS
• Have to glue solid lumber on the end grain to
  hide the core of the plywood.
• Exceptable to dents and scratches, exposing the
  core of the plywood.
• Appearance not as nice as solid lumber.

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THE END!