Two-Year-Olds

1
Two-Year-Olds

• Autonomy
• Children
• are learning who they are
• exerting independence
• finding what they can do
• parents feel out of control of child loss of
  baby

2
Self control

• Dont have it
• Remove breakables
• Tantrums
• emotions are strong, lots of frustrations
• lots of outdoor activities
• Inner feelings cant be expressed in words
• Jealous of baby
• Sharing
• must feel possession before they can learn to
  give

3

• Blaming others
• 1st step toward a conscience because
• they realize it was wrong.
• Parents must show disapproval
• child has no inner incentives to do right
• they will do what parents like.

4
Power struggles

• Conflict between parent child
• Avoid them, child will outgrow them by 3
• 1. Give them choices
• stay away from yes or no questions
• 2. Divert attention to something else
• 3. Remove yourself from conflict or put them
  in timeout
• 4. Reverse psychology

5
Other tips for Cooperation

• Give lots of love and acceptance
• Let them help where possible
• Give attention to good behavior ignore the bad

6
2 Year old

• Physical DevelopmentWalks well, goes up and down
  steps alone, runs, seats self on chair, becoming
  independent in toileting, uses spoon and fork,
  turns pages singularly, kicks ball, attempts to
  dress self.

7
Emotional Development

• Very Self-centered, just beginning a sense of
  personal identity and belongings, possessive,
  often negative, often frustrated, enjoys physical
  affection, resistive to change, becoming
  independent.

8
Intellectual Development

• Says words, phrases and simple sentences, 272
  word vocabulary, understands simple directions,
  identifies simple pictures, likes to look at
  books.

9
Social Development

• Solitary play, dependent on adult guidance, plays
  with dolls, refers to self by name, socially very
  immature, little concept of others as "people." 
  May respond to simple direction.

10
Stay Tuned
11
Types of Learning

• Incidental
• Unplanned learning

12
Trial Error

• Takes place when a child tries several solutions
  before finding one that works.

13
Imitative

• Watching or copying others

14
Directed Learning

• Results from being taught

15
Physical Development
3 Year Old

• Runs well, marches, stands on one foot briefly,
  rides tricycle, feeds self well, puts on shoes
  and stockings, unbuttons and buttons.  Pours from
  pitcher.

16
Emotional Development

• Likes to conform, easy going attitude, not so
  resistive to change, more secure, greater sense
  of personal identity, beginning to be
  adventuresome, enjoys music.

17
Social Development

• Parallel play
• enjoys being by others
• knows if he is a boy or girl, enjoys brief group
  activities requiring no skill, likes to "help" in
  small ways--responds to verbal guidance.

18
Intellectual Development

• Says short sentences, 896 words, great growth in
  communication, tells simple stories, uses words
  as tools of thought, answers questions,
  imaginative, may recite few nursery rhymes

19
4 Year Old

• Physical Development
• Skips on one foot, draws "Man", cuts with
  scissors (not well), can wash and dry face, dress
  self except ties, throws ball overhand.

20
Emotional Development

• Seems sure of himself, often negative, may be
  defiant, seems to be testing himself out, needs
  controlled freedom.

21
Social Development

• Cooperative play
• enjoys other children's company
• highly social
• may play loosely organized group games - tag,
  duck-duck-goose, talkative, versatile.

22
Intellectual Development

• Uses complete sentences, 1540 words, asks endless
  questions, learning to generalize, highly
  imaginative, dramatic, can draw recognizable
  simple objects.

23
5 Year Old

• Physical DevelopmentHops and skips, dresses
  without help, good balance and smoother muscle
  action, prints simple letters, handedness
  established, ties shoes, girls small muscle
  development about 1 year ahead of boys.

24
Emotional Development

• Self-assured, stable, well-adjusted,
  home-centered, capable of some self-criticism,
  enjoys responsibility, likes to follow the rules.

25
Social Development

• Highly cooperative play, has special "friends",
  highly organized, enjoys simple table games
  requiring turns and observing rules, "school",
  feels pride and accomplishments, eager to carry
  out some responsibility.

26
Intellectual Development

• 2,072 words, tells long tales, carries out
  direction well, reads own name, counts to 10,
  asks meaning of words, knows colors, beginning to
  know difference between fact and fiction-lying,
  interested in environment, city, stores, etc.