Title: Rhetorical Appeals/Techniques
1Rhetorical Appeals/Techniques
- Rhetorical APPEALS (to the audience)
- ETHOS
- LOGOS
- PATHOS
- Rhetorical TECHNIQUES (Use of language)
- ANALOGY
- ALLUSION
- ANTITHESIS
- Please take detailed notes in the Vocab section
of your notebook. Write the definition and give
one or two examples of each appeal or technique.
You might also draw a symbol or illustration to
help you remember each new term.
2RHETORICAL APPEALS
- How does a writer/speaker engage the audience?
- What appeals are most effective?
3ETHOS(credibility)
- Greek for CHARACTER
- References to authority, experiences, character,
or integrity of the speaker as a persuasive
device. - Is the author believable?
- Is the speaker a good person, to be trusted?
4How does this ad use ETHOS as a persuasive device?
5How does this ad use ETHOS as a persuasive device?
6PATHOS(emotional)
- Greek for SUFFERING or EXPERIENCE.
- Appeals to emotions emotional speech, appeals to
the audiences sympathies or imaginations
7How does this ad use PATHOS as a persuasive
device?
8How does this ad use PATHOS as a persuasive
device?
9LOGOS(Logic)
- Greek for WORD
- Appeals to reason, makes a logical argument about
a particular subject or topic. - These arguments demonstrate EVIDENCE, FACTS,
OBVIOUS REASONS that make clear sense.
10How does this ad use LOGOS as a persuasive device?
11RHETORICAL TECHNIQUES
- Now, how do writers/speakers play with words to
create these effects on the audience? - What techniques do we use to effectively persuade
an audience?
12Analogy
- Colorful or dramatic comparisons.
- The relationship of similarity between two or
more entities on which a comparison is based. - Ex. Similes/Metaphors
- Downtown is like the beating heart of the city.
13How does this ad use ANALOGY as a persuasive
technique? What comparison is being made?
14Allusion
- Figure of speech that makes
- references to a larger world of ideas, events,
times, or places. - Allusions may also make reference to another
literary work.
15How does this ad use ALLUSION as a persuasive
technique? What are the ads referencing?
16 Allusions are often made to Shakespeares
tragedy, Romeo Juliet. Can you think of any
modern-day songs, movies, or other works that
allude to this story?
17TURN IN HW MEL-Con Response to Obama/MLK
- BELL RINGER
- How does the following image demonstrate ALL 3
Rhetorical APPEALS? - Ethos
- Logos
- Pathos
18Antithesis
- Greek word ANTI AGAINST.
- Contrast of opposing ideas
- presenting the opposite side to make your own
argument look more appealing.
19Examples of Antithesis in Speeches
- "...although the surface appears to be...very,
very fine-grained as you get close to it. It's
almost like a powder...Okay, I'm going to step
off the LEM now. That's one small step for man
one giant leap for mankind."-- Neil
Armstrong, Apollo 11 Moon Landing Speech - "The world will little note, nor long remember,
what we say here, but it can never forget what
they did here."-- Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg
Address (delivered by Jeff Daniels) - "I have a dream that my four little children will
one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the color of their skin but by the
content of their character. I have
a dream today!"-- Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have
a Dream
20Find an example of Antithesis in OBAMAs Speech
- This country is more decent than one where a
woman in Ohio, on the brink of retirement, finds
herself one illness away from disaster after a
lifetime of hard work. This country is more
generous than one where a man in Indiana has to
pack up the equipment he's worked on for twenty
years and watch it shipped off to China, and then
chokes up as he explains how he felt like a
failure when he went home to tell his family the
news. We are more compassionate than a government
that lets veterans sleep on our streets and
families slide into poverty that sits on its
hands while a major American city drowns before
our eyes.
21How does this ad use ANTITHESIS as a persuasive
technique?
22Put your New Knowledge to the Test!Which
persuasive appeals techniques are evide?nt in
this excerpt from a speech by Barack Obama
- This country is more decent than one where a
woman in Ohio, on the brink of retirement, finds
herself one illness away from disaster after a
lifetime of hard work. This country is more
generous than one where a man in Indiana has to
pack up the equipment he's worked on for twenty
years and watch it shipped off to China, and then
chokes up as he explains how he felt like a
failure when he went home to tell his family the
news. We are more compassionate than a government
that lets veterans sleep on our streets and
families slide into poverty that sits on its
hands while a major American city drowns before
our eyes. -
- Barack Obama Night Before the Election
Speech Manassas, Prince William County,
Virginia November 3, 2008
23Put your New Knowledge to the Test!Which
persuasive appeals techniques are evident in
this excerpt from Letter from a Birmingham Jail
by MLK, Jr.?
- My Dear Fellow Clergymen
- While confined here in Birmingham city jail, I
came across your recent statement calling my
present activities "unwise and untimely."...Since
I feel that you are men of genuine good will and
that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I
want to try to answer your statement in what I
hope will be patient and reasonable in terms. I
think I should indicate why I am here in
Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the
view which argues against "outsiders coming
in."...I, along with several members of my staff,
am here because I was invited here. I am here
because I have organizational ties here But more
basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice
is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth
century B.C. left their villages and carried
their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the
boundaries of their home towns, and just as the
Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and
carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far
corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I
compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond
my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly
respond to the Macedonian call for aid. - Martin Luther King, Jr. "Letter from
Birmingham Jail"
24HOMEWORK
- For the excerpt Identify one appeal or technique
employed by the speaker/writer. Write a MEL-Con
paragraph describing an example of that technique
and HOW it is persuasive. - Main Idea What is the authors persuasive
purpose and which technique is being used in the
passage? - Evidence Text example of technique
- Link How does this technique persuade the
audience? - Conclusion Is it effective?