Elements and The Periodic Table

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Elements and The Periodic Table
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vd0zION8xjbMfeature
related
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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzUDDiWtFtEM
Amazing!
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• Metals
• -left of the staircase
• -good conductors of heat/electricity
• -ductile and malleable
• -shiny and usually silver coloured
• -all solid except mercury (liquid)

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• Non-metals
• -right of the staircase
• -poor conductors of heat/electricity, solids,
  some are gases and one (bromine) is a liquid
• Metalloids
• -touch the staircase except Aluminum (metal)
• -properties are a mix of metal and non-metal
  properties

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Metals/Nonmetals and Metalloids
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Since they have the same number of valence
electrons
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(No Transcript)
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Periodic table families
Pattern for the Number of Valence electrons
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Hydrogen(A class of its own)

• Physical properties of non-metals but chemical
  properties of metals

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Group 1 Alkali Metals

• 1 valence electron (electrons in their outermost
  shell)
• Soft, shiny, solids at room temperature that can
  easily be cut with a knife
• The most reactive metals
• React violently with water (stored in oil or a
  vacuum)
• React with halogens to form salts

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Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

• 2 valence electrons
• Light, reactive metals, solids at room
  temperature
• React with oxygen to form oxides
• React with hydrogen to make hydride (except Be)
• React with water to release hydrogen gas

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Groups 3-12 Transition Metals

• Usually multivalent
• Strong, hard metals, high melting points
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Most react with oxygen to make oxides some react
  with acids to release hydrogen gas
• Wide range of chemical and physical properties

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Group 17 Halogens

• 7 valence electrons
• May be solids/liquids/gases at room temperature
• Dull and do not conduct electricity
• Extremely reactive nonmetals (reacts with
  hydrogen and other metals)

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Group 18 Noble Gases

• Full outer shell
• Extremely unreactive (inert)
• Gases at room temperature with low
  melting/boiling points
• Kr, Xe, Rn can be forced to make compounds with F
• Rn is radioactive

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Lanthanides (Rare Earth Metals)

• Elements 57-70

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Actinides

• Elements 89-102
• Transuranic Elements Synthetic (not naturally
  occurring) elements
• (elements 93)

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Representative Elements

• Elements from Group 1-2 and 13-18
• Many form colourful compounds

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Lewis Dot Symbol

• Lewis dot diagram- shows only the valence
  electrons (place an electron in each direction
  then double up if there are more than four)

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Practice!

• P. 33 1-6
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzGM-wSKFBpofeature
  related
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vv1TfPDlA1xE