Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

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Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
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Chapter Fourteen Elementsand the Periodic Table

• 14.1 The Periodic Table
• 14.2 Properties of the Elements

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Investigation 14B
Periodic Table Group Challenge

• How is the periodic table organized?

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14.2 Properties of the elements

• Most of the pure elements are solid at room
  temperature.
• Only 11 naturally occurring elements are a gas.
• Only 2 elements (Br and Hg) are liquid at room
  temperature.

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14.2 Periodic properties of elements

• Periodicity means properties repeat each period
  (row) of the periodic table.

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The pattern of above is an example of periodicity.
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14.2 Thermal and electrical conductivity

• Electricity is the movement of electric charge,
  usually electrons.
• Some materials allow electrons to flow easily
  through them.
• We call these materials electrical conductors.

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14.2 Thermal and electrical conductivity

• Like copper, most metals are good thermal
  conductors.
• That is one reason pots and pans are made of
  metal.

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14.2 Thermal and electrical conductivity

• Because they are so different from metals,
  elements on the far right of the table are called
  non-metals.
• Nonmetals make good insulators.
• An insulator is a material which slows down or
  stops the flow of either heat or electricity.

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14.2 Metals and metal alloys

• An alloy is a solid mixture of one or more
  elements.
• Most metals are used as alloys and not in their
  pure elemental form.
• Yellow brass is an alloy of 72 copper, 24 zinc,
  3 lead, and 1 tin.

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14.2 Carbon and carbon-like elements

• Almost all the molecules that make up plants and
  animals are constructed around carbon.
• The chemistry of carbon is so important it has
  its own name, organic chemistry.

How are diamonds and silicon important?
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14.2 Nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus

• Oxygen and nitrogen are crucial to living animals
  and plants.
• For example, proteins and DNA both contain
  nitrogen.
• Phosphorus is a key ingredient of DNA, the
  molecule responsible for carrying the genetic
  code in all living creatures.

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Technology Connection
Digging for Gold

• The physical properties of gold make it useful in
  surprising ways.
• You can find gold in astronaut gear, airplane
  windshields, and even in some peoples eyelids!

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Activity
Name that Element

• Each element on the periodic table has a chemical
  symbol that is an abbreviation of the elements
  name.
• In this activity, youll make a set of flashcards
  for 30 elements and then play a game to see who
  in your class knows their elements.