The Arrangement of Elements in the Periodic Table

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The Arrangement of Elementsin the Periodic Table

• Trends in the Periodic Table and Bonding

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The Periodic Table
It can be used to observe patterns and
relationships between different elements, and the
table is arranged in several important ways.
The periodic table is a very useful arrangement
of all of the known chemical elements.
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Periods
Elements are arranged in the periodic table in
order of increasing atomic number.
The outer electron shell becomes filled as we
move from left to right.
The atomic number of the elements increases by
one moving left to right along a period.
Horizontal rows in the periodic table are called
periods.
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Metals and Non-Metals
We can divide the periodic table with a
staircase line to show elements that are metals
and non-metals.
As we move along a period from left to right we
see a shift from metal to non-metal
characteristics.
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Groups
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3
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Numbered vertical columns of elements in the
periodic table are called groups.
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Some groups are known by special names
Halogens
Alkali Metals
Noble Gases
Transition Metals
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Elements in the same group have similar chemical
properties
The alkali metals are all soft, very reactive
metals.
They all have one electron in their outer shell
and show a gradual trend in both chemical and
physical properties as we move down the group
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Elements in the same group have similar chemical
properties
The halogens are all very reactive non-metal
elements.
They all have seven electrons in their outer
shell. The halogens are the only group to contain
all three states of matter at room temperature.
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Elements in the same group have similar chemical
properties
The noble gases are all unreactive gaseous
elements.
They all have a full outer electron shell and are
all odourless, colourless monatomic gases.