Logical Reasoning

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Logical Reasoning

• A Feature Presentation by
• Toni-Ann Tait

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What is Logical Reasoning?

• When you are solving a problem, you can use a
  strategy called LOGICAL REASONING! Logical
  reasoning exercises can help kids like you learn
  the process of elimination or deductive thinking.
  Most problem uses a variety of conditions but you
  must use an if-then approach.

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Here is a simple problem

• The five boroughs in New York State- Bronx,
  Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island
  all play a certain type of sport- Soccer,
  Baseball, Basketball, Football, and Track, but
  not necessarily in that order. Each borough plays
  only one sport.. Heres what we know
• Bronx plays football.
• The team whose borough has a double letter plays
  soccer.
• The team with a land mass in the name of their
  borough plays basketball.
• Who plays soccer?
• A) Brooklyn
• B) Manhattan
• C) Queens
• D) Staten Island
• E) Cannot be determined from the information
  given.

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Answer E

• The reason why the answer is E because Manhattan,
  Brooklyn, and Queens all have double letter in
  their names. We know that Bronx plays football so
  its not the Bronx and Staten Island plays
  basketball because it has a land mass in its
  name.

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• Soccer Baseball
  Basketball Football Track
  

Bronx ?
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Queens
Staten Island ?
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Now try this on your own!!!

• Two men (Matt and Evan) and two women
  (Betty and Linda) are teachers of history,
  physics, French, and Spanish, but not necessarily
  in that order. Each person teaches only one
  subject. We know that
• The history teacher is not a woman.
• Matt does not teach physics.
• The French teacher is not a man.
• Betty teaches Spanish.
• Who teaches physics?
• (A) Matt
• (B) Evan
• (C) Betty
• (D) Linda
• (E) Cannot be determined from the information
  given.

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Answer B
History Physics French Spanish
Matt ? X X X
Evan X ? X X
Betty X X X ?
Linda X X ? X
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Lets try this in groups!!!

• Eliot is strong and Justin has blue eyes. The
  tall person has black hair, but the person with
  brown eyes is not tall. We can definitely
  conclude that
• (A) Justin has black hair and is strong.
• (B) Eliot has black hair and is strong.
• (C) Justin has black hair and is tall.
• (D) Eliot has brown eyes and is tall.
• (E) Eliot does not have black hair.

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Answer H

• Strong Blue Eyes Tall
  Black Hair

Eliot ? X X
Justin ? ? ?
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Lets try this together!!!

• Gus, Florence, and Hank are a banker, a
  computer scientist, and a teacher, but not
  necessarily in that order. Gus is not the banker
  or the teacher, and Hank is not the teacher. A
  correct conclusion based only on this information
  is that
• (A) Gus is not the computer scientist.
• (B) Hank is the computer scientist.
• (C) Florence is the banker.
• (D) Hank is the banker.
• (E) Florence is the computer scientist.

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Answer J

• Banker Computer Teacher

Gus X ? X
Florence X X ?
Hank ? X X
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• The End