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In-depth Interviewing

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Title: In-depth Interviewing Author: Jo Ann Beckwith Last modified by: beckwith Created Date: 1/30/2000 1:33:11 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: In-depth Interviewing


1
In-depth Interviewing
  • RD300
  • 17 Sept. 2001

2
DEFINITION
  • In-depth interviewing a conversation between
    researcher and informant focusing on the
    informants perception of self, life and
    experience, and expressed in her or his own words.

3
Interview Models
Structured interviews Focused or semi-structured interviews Unstructured interviews
Survey interviews In-depth interviews Group interviews Surveys In-depth interviews Group interviews Oral histories
4
Structured Interviews
  • Standardized questions.
  • Detailed interview schedule (e.g.Questionnaire).
  • Each respondent asked exactly the same questions
    in the same order.
  • Predominately close-ended questions (e.g. Yes/No
    scales).

5
Close-ended Questions
  • Respondent must choose among several preset
    answers.
  • Questions are inflexible.
  • Easier to code.
  • Less costly than open-ended questions.
  • Limited amount of information gathered.

6
Open-ended Questions
  • Respondent can give any answer.
  • Harder to compare data across respondents.
  • More time consuming to code. Cost factor.
  • Lets respondents speak to issues important to
    them.
  • Data is richer.

7
Semi-structured or Focused Interviews
  • Interviewer uses an interview guide developed
    around the issues central to the research
    question.
  • Interview guide - a list of topics without fixed
    wording or fixed ordering of questions.
  • Allows in-depth examination of issues.

8
Unstructured Interviews
  • No formal interview schedules or question order.
  • A minimally controlled conversation geared toward
    the researchers topics of research interest.

9
In-depth Interviewing
  • A conversational process.
  • Unstructured or semi-structured format.
  • Typically conducted face-to-face.
  • Often involves repeated interviews with the same
    respondent.
  • Relies on verbal accounts of social realities.
  • Typically individual interviews but can be groups.

10
In-depth Interviewing
  • Predominantly used for theory building as opposed
    to hypothesis testing.
  • Often used in exploratory studies.
  • Results may be used to design a questionnaire.

11
Conducting the Interviews
  • Who will you interview?
  • How many respondents/informants will be
    interviewed?
  • How many interviews will you conduct?
  • How long should you allow for the interviews?
  • Where do you conduct the interviews?

12
Conducting the Interviews
  • How much information do you give the informant?
  • Confidentiality is an issue.
  • Establish a rapport.
  • Prepare in advance. Do you homework.
  • Prepare an interview guide.
  • Use transitions during interview to keep on track.

13
Conducting the Interviews
  • Be a good listener and observer.
  • Funneling broad questions progressing to more
    specific issues.
  • Story-telling Asking questions so as to elicit
    a story from the respondent.
  • Written narratives.

14
Types of Questions
  • Descriptive broad, good starter questions.
  • Structural questions explore how respondents
    organize their knowledge.
  • Contrasting respondent must make a comparison.
  • Opinion/value What is your opinion of.?

15
Types of Questions
  • Feeling questions Emotional responses. How do
    you feel about that?
  • Sensory Questions about sensory perceptions
    (seen, heard, touched, etc.).
  • Background demographic questions.

16
Probing
  • Questions used to elicit more information after
    an initial question. Follow-up questions.
  • Devils advocate questions.
  • Hypothetical questions.
  • Posing the ideal.

17
Forms of Probing
  • Non-verbal nudging.
  • Verbal nudging.
  • Reflective probe or paraphrase.

18
Recording the Interview
  • Tape-recording.
  • Note taking.
  • Each has advantages and disadvantages.
  • May be used in combination.

19
Listening Skills
  • Empathic listening.
  • Non-judgmental or tolerant appearance.
  • Good advance preparation helps.
  • Listening skills improve with practice.
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