Present and Past Passive Participles

1
Present and Past Passive Participles
2
Present Passive Participlesreplace ??????? in
the accusative

• ??? ?????, ??????? ? ?????.
• ??? ??? ??????? ?????.
• ???????, ???????? ???????
• ????????? ???????!

3
Present Passive Participlesare formed from the
1st person plural of imperfective verbs

• ?????
• ???????
• ????????
• ??? ??????????
• ???????
• ?????????

4
Present Passive Participles are infrequent, but
many have become adjectives, especially with
negation (written as one word)

• ????????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ???????????
• ????????
• ????????????

5
Past Passive Participlesreplace ??????? in the
accusative

• ????????????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ?? ??????.
  
• ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????.
• ???? ???????????? ??-?? ?????????, ??????? ???
  ????????.
• ???? ???????????? ??-?? ??????????? ?????????.

6
Usually passives are used to get rid of the
subject

• ???????? ????????, ???????? ??????????.
• ???????? ????????????? ????????.
• ???????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ??? ??????.
• ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????.

7
If you do keep the subject, it goes into the
instrumental

• ???? ???????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ?????.
• ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????.
• ???????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ??? ??????.
• ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????.

8
PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLESare formed from
perfective verbs with three suffixes

• -??? / -???
• -??
• -?

9
PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLEsuffixes

• 2nd conjugation in ???/??? and 1st conjugation
  with strange infinitives take -??? / -???
• 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs in ??? (except
  those with an ? in the conjugation) take -??
• All other verbs take -?

10
The suffix -??? / -??? is used forSecond
conjugation verbs with infinitives in ??? / ???

• ??????
• ????????
• ????????
• ??????????
• ???????
• ?????????

11
Often these will have a mutation like the first
person singular

• ?????? ?????
• ?????????
• ??????? ?????
• ?????????
• ???????? ???????
• ???????????

12
The suffix -??? / -??? is also used forFirst
conjugation verbs with consonant stems ? ? ?
-? (infinitives will end in ??? / ??? / ??? /
??)

• ???????? ??????? ??????
• ???????????
• ?????? ????? ????
• ?????????
• ??????? ??????
• ??????????
• ????? ?????
• ?????????

13
The suffix -??? / -??? is also used forFirst
conjugation verbs with consonant stems ?
?(infinitive ends in ??)

• These have mutations too
• ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????
• ??????????
• ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????
• ????????????

14
The suffix -?? is used forFirst (and second)
conjugation verbs with infinitives in ??? /
???unless there is an underlying ? /?

• ????????
• ??????????
• ?????????
• ???????????
• ????????
• ??????????
• ????
• ??????

15
The suffix -? is used for all other verbsFirst
conjugation verbs with infinitives in ???

• ?????
• ??????
• ??????
• ???????
• ???????
• ????????

16
The suffix -? is used for all other verbsFirst
conjugation verbs with infinitives in ???

• ???????
• ????????
• ??????
• ???????
• ??????
• ???????

17
The suffix -? is used for all other verbsFirst
conjugation verbs with infinitives in ???

• ??????
• ???????
• ???????
• ????????

18
The suffix -? is used for all other verbsFirst
conjugation verbs with an underlying ? /? in
the conjugation

• ?????? ?????
• ???????
• ????? ??????
• ??????
• ????? ?????
• ??????
• ?????? ?????
• ???????

19
Change the ??????? clauses to participles

• ? ??? ????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ? ???????.
• ? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????.
• ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ? ?????.
• ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????.
• ??????? ????? ????????, ???????? ?????.
• ??????? ????? ??????? ????????.
• ????? ??????? ? ????, ??????? ???-?? ??????.
• ????? ??????? ? ???????? ????.

20
Change the ??????? clauses to participles

• ? ?????? ????, ??????? ? ??? ?????.
• ? ?????? ??? ??????? ????.
• ??? ?????? ? ??????????, ??????? ???-?? ????????
• ??? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????????
• ??? ??????, ??????? ??? ??????.
• ??? ??? ???????? ??????.
• ??? ?????? ??? ?????, ??????? ??????.
• ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????.

21
Change the ??????? clauses to participles

• ?? ????? ????? ???????, ??????? ??????.
• ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????.
• ???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????
• ???? ??????? ??????, ????????? ?? ?????
• ???? ??????? ?????, ??????? ????? ? ??????????.
• ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????.