[e-mail]

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• 2005/03/23
• ???
• ????
• hengan_at_mail.ncku.edu.tw

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• ?????? (????????????)
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• Ernst Mayr (1993). One long argument, Chap 2, 9.

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???????????

• Evolution as such???? (cf. ??)
• Common descent????
• Multiplication of species?????
• Gradualism????
• Natural selection????
• Ernst Mayr 1993, 36-37.

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http//evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/I
Bladder.shtml
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• 17???????????
• ????????4004?
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• ????????4004?10?23????????
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• 18?????????,????????????,????????????????
• ??????????,????????,??????????????????
• ?????,????????????
• ??????????????(????)?????????? (????)?

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Biostratigraphy William Smith 1769-1839
????????????????????????????
http//evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/history/bios
tratigraphy.shtml
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This print shows the recovery of the first
mosasaur (??) fossils in 1780. Cuvier used the
fossils to support his radical ideas on
extinction
http//evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/history/exti
nction.shtml
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(No Transcript)
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???????

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• ??????????????,????????????????
• ??
• ??????????(Uniformitarianism),????????????????????
  ??????????,???????????????????,?????????
• ???????????

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???? (scala naturae)

• ?????????,???????
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• ?????? (natura non facit saltus)
• ?????(??)???
• ???????????????
• ??????????
• ?? vs. ??

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??????????????(genetic)??

• ?????????
• ?????
• ????????(1824)
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• 1802 ??(William Paley)????????????
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????????? I

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• ???? (1646-1716)
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• 1710???????,???????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????,??
  ??,??????????

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????!

• ?????????????????(????????)
• ?????????,?????????????,???,?????????,????????????
  ????????????????,???????????? ,?????

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????????? II

• ????????????
• ??????????????????,??(????????)???????????????????
  ???????????,?????????????????
• ??????????????,?????????????,?????????????????,???
  ??????????????

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??? (Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, 1744-1829)

• 1809????(philosophie zoologique)
• ????1809 ?????,50 ????????
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• ??? (?????????????????????)??? (?? vs.
  ??)??????????????????????

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Fact 1 Potential exponential increase of
populations (Malthus), Fact 2 Observed
steady-state stability of populations (universal
observations), Fact 3 Limitation of resources
(observation reinforced by Malthus), Inference
1 Struggle for existence among individuals
(Malthus), Fact 4 Uniqueness of the individual
(animal breeders, taxonomists), Fact 5
Heritability of much of the individual variation
(animal breeders), Inference 2 Differential
survival (i.e., natural selection)
(Darwin), Inference 3 Through many generations
evolution (Darwin)Ernst Mayr 1993, 72.
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?????????????????????

• ??? (Ernst Haeckel, 1834-1919)
• ????,????????
• ???????
• ???????(recapitulation)??????????,?????????
• ???????
• ????????????????!
• ????Homo germanicus!
• ?????,????????????????????

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????????p149-150
Haeckel's Tree of Life, 1866
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????(Cesare Lombroso, 1836-1909)

• ????????? (phrenology)????
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• ????,????????

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(No Transcript)
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????

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• 1938??????
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