Review Vocab:

1
KEY CONCEPT Ecology is the study of the
relationships among organisms and their
environment.

• New Vocab
• Ecology
• Community
• Ecosystem
• Biome

• Review Vocab
• Organism
• Population

2
Main Idea 1 Ecologists study environments at
different levels of organization.

• Ecology is the study of the interactions
  (relationships) among living things, and between
  living things and their surroundings.
• Studying how life interacts within the biosphere.
• Scientists used to study each organism separately
• as if they existed in isolation.

3
Levels of Organization(There are 5 levels)

• However, now scientists study nature on different
  levels, from local to a global scale. This
  organization reveals the complex relationships
  found in nature.

4

• First level
• An organism is an individual living thing, such
  as an alligator.

5

• Second level
• A population is a group of the same species that
  lives in one area.
• What can cause populations to change?

6

• Limiting Factors of Populations
• Birth death rates eventually balance
• Factors Disease, food, predators, climate,
  space, mates
• Carrying Capacity
• Greatest number of individuals that a population
  can sustain
• What stage is the human population in?

7
Human Population Fast Growth Stage

• How have humans extended our carrying capacity?
• Farming
• Medical innovations
• Clean water
• Public assistance

8

• Third level
• A community is a group of different species that
  live together in one area.

9

• Fourth level
• An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as
  well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other
  nonliving things in a given area.

10

• Fifth level
• A biome is a major regional or global community
  of organisms characterized by the climate
  conditions and plant communities that
• thrive there.

11
Basically, a biome is a large area with distinct
climate, plant, and animal life.

• Climate factors that affect biomes sun, rain,
  topography
• Climate determines life.

12
KEY CONCEPT Every ecosystem includes both living
and nonliving factors.

• New Vocab
• Biotic
• Abiotic
• Biodiversity
• Keystone Species

13
Main Idea 1An ecosystem includes both biotic
and abiotic factors.

• Biotic factors are
• living things, like
• plants
• animals
• fungi
• Bacteria
• Bio Life
• If something has life,
• then it is living.

14

• Abiotic factors are nonliving things, like

• moisture
• temperature
• wind
• sunlight
• soil
• rocks

• A Without Bio Life
• If something does not have life, then it is not
  living.
• The balance of these factors determines what can
  live in a particular environment.

15
Main Idea 2Changing one factor in an ecosystem
can affect many other factors.

• An ecosystem is a complex web of connected biotic
  and abiotic factors.
• Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of
  living things in an ecosystem.
• The amount of biodiversity in an ecosystem
  depends on many factors.
• Rain forests have more biodiversity than other
  locations in the world, but are threatened by
  human activities.
• Why is this?

16

• A keystone species is a species that has an
  unusually large effect on its ecosystem.
• Because there are complex relationships within an
  ecosystem, a single change (a few broken strings
  in a web) in biotic or abiotic factors could have
  a variety of effects.

What would happen if the keystone in the arc was
missing?
17

• Here is an example of a Keystone species and how
  they form and maintain a complex web of life.