The African Slave Trade

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Slavery Empire1441-1770

• AP U.S. History

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Triangular Trade across the Atlantic
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The Middle Passage

• Slaves 6 to 1 over Europeans.
• 1500-1820 10-11 million slaves are taken from
  Africa to N. America and Caribbean.
• 75 1701-1810.
• ½ delivered to French, British and Spanish sugar
  plantations in Caribbean.
• 1 in 20 delivered to colonies (600,000)
• Men 2 to 1 (15-30 years old)

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Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries
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Slavers Their Ships

• Portuguese in 15th Century.
• Dutch 16th 17th Century.
• Tight packers Ships made for 450, but able to
  get 600 slaves.
• 1 in 6 die.
• 55 slave revolts (on board) 1699-1845.
• Rather commit suicide.

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The African Slave Trade
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Moral Implications

• 15th Century Pope excommunicates people for
  enslaving Slavs (Christians).
• Portuguese will go after Moors Algerians,
  Libyans, Moroccans.
• African tribes Use captured enemies to trade
  with Europe.

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Slaves in the Caribbean

• Sugar and Slavery, For the sake of sweetness.
• Create sugar plantations in Caribbean.
• Proletariat hunger killer coffee, tea, sugar,
  tobacco.
• West Africans have very sophisticated farming
  techniques.

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Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of
the British Colonies, 16501770
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Slavery in Colonial America

• Long term investment.
• Exports
• 95 of exports (1714-1773) come from slave labor.
• North RI is largest concentration in North.
• PA Quakers are first abolitionists.
• Main exports (1775) Tobacco, rice, wheat.
• Tobacco and Rice are tied for 1st.
• South DE, VA, NC, MD (tobacco).
• Lower South SC, GA (rice indigo).

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Value of Colonial Exports by Region, Annual
Average, 17681772
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War Empire

• Queen Annes War (1702) English v. Spanish
  French in FL.
• War of Jenkins Ear (1739-1743). War of Caribbean
  conquest.
• 1713 Peace of Utrecht British have exclusive
  right to supply slaves to all N.A. colonies.
• English trade monopolies
• Hudson Bay Company-North America
• East India Company-India
• Royal African Company-Africa

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Slavery the South

• 1770 Wealthiest is VA.
• 80 inherited wealth.
• Fewer than 10 self made.
• Average own 100 slaves thousands of acres.
• House of Burgesses are the first families of VA.
  First popularly elected body (legislature) in
  colonies. Washington, Jefferson, Henry.
• GA Governor and Lt. Governor own 50,000 acres,
  800 slaves, 12 plantations.

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Estimated Number of Africans Imported to British
North America, 17011775
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Life of a Slave

• Terms country born Born into slavery v.
  saltwater Africans.
• High mortality Poor diet, overwork.
• Decreases with country born.
• Kidnapped, whipped, confined to cages, castrated,
  split up from family.
• Create own languages thousands of African
  tribes represented mix with English language.

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Slave Laws in VA

• 1662 Child inherits slave status.
• Baptism cannot change status.
• 1669 Death of a slave during punishment is not a
  felony.
• 1705 VA Slave Code. Ends right to petition in
  court.
• "All servants imported and brought into the
  Country...who were not Christians in their native
  Country...shall be accounted and be slaves. All
  Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this
  dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If
  any slave resist his master...correcting such
  slave, and shall happen to be killed in such
  correction...the master shall be free of all
  punishment...as if such accident never happened."
  
• 1774 Slaves petition British to remove slavery.
  They were kidnapped, dragged from home, tortured
  etc.