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5th GradeScience5.7 Earth, Patterns, Cycles,
and Changes
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The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old. How do
scientists know this?
Name the three types of rocks. How is each
formed?
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Identify and describe the concentric layers of
the Earth. How does the interior affect the
surface of the Earth?
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What is the difference between weathering and
erosion?
Where are most volcanoes and earthquakes located?
Why?
What are divergent, convergent and sliding
boundaries?
How can people affect the Earths surface?
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How are rocks described?
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1. Most volcanoes and earthquakes are located at
the boundary of plates (faults). 2. Weathering is
the process of breaking down rocks chemically and
physically. 3. Erosion causes weathered rocks
and soil to be washed away. 4. Sedimentary
layers of sediment cemented together Igneous
melting and cooling lava and magma
Metamorphic changed by heat and pressure 5.
Scientific evidence such as fossils. 6. The
layers are the crust, mantel, inner core and
outer core. The two outside layers are made
mostly of rocky material. The inner layers are
made mostly of iron and nickel. 7. Farmers and
construction companies need to preserve topsoil
by preventing erosion of the land. People can
plant trees and plants to prevent erosion. 8.
Rocks can be described by composition, grain
size, texture, and color. Fossils also give
information about the rocks.