Bacteria

1
Bacteria
2
Characteristics of Bacteria
single-celled
1. Bacteria are considered _______________. This
means that ______ bacterium can survive and
reproduce without the help of any other bacteria.
one
3
Characteristics of Bacteria
chromosome
2. All bacteria contain a single _____________
that is in the shape of a _________. Sometimes
this ___________ DNA coils up into a less
recognizable shape, but it is still considered
circular DNA.
circle
circular
4
Characteristics of Bacteria
prokaryotes
3. All bacteria are considered _______________
because they lack a __________.
nucleus
5
Decide if the following cells are prokaryotic or
eukaryotic
___________________
___________________
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
___________________
___________________
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
6
Characteristics of Bacteria
All bacteria reproduce through a process very
similar to mitosis known as _______________.
binary fission
7
While bacteria do not reproduce _________ like
higher level organisms, they can share ________
material in unique way. Bacteria can absorb
fragments of ______ and make them a part of their
one ____________.
sexually
genetic
DNA
chromosome
8
They can also share tiny rings of DNA known as
__________. These sections of DNA __________ the
bacterium and allow it to make _________ that it
previously could not.
plasmids
transform
proteins
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Helpful Uses of Bacteria
Bacteria are found inside your body. Some of
this bacteria lives inside your ______________
tract and aids your body with ___________. The
bacteria have special proteins known as
__________ that break down or _________nutrients
that your body cannot. In return, the bacterium
is provided with ____________ and __________
every time you eat.
gastrointestinal
digestion
enzymes
digest
nutrients
energy
10
Helpful Uses of Bacteria
The same kinds of bacteria that are found in your
intestines are often found in ______. Bacteria
are the reason that milk ______, but sometimes
this can be a good thing.
milk
sours
11
Q What are some products that are the result of
milk spoiling? A ________________________________
___________________
Cheese, sour cream, yogurt, etc.
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Disease-Causing Bacteria
Disease causing bacteria can be found almost
everywhere. Your skin, which is part of the
________________ system, provides a protective
barrier against most of these disease causing
bacteria, however, bacteria can still find their
way into your body.
integumentary
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Disease causing bacteria cause a variety of
illnesses. These include skin infections such as
_______ and dental ________.
acne
cavities
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Disease-Causing Bacteria
Food
_________ is one of the main ways bacteria make
it into your body. Food ____________ occurs when
bacteria that are present in food attack your
body as they travel through the ___________
system. This causes a response from your
___________ system to expel all of the
contaminated food to rid your body of the
bacteria.
poisoning
digestive
excretory
Salmonella attacking a cultured human cell.
15
Q How can you protect yourself from the harmful
bacteria that are found in food? A
__________________________________________________
_
Cook food properly at the correct temperatures.
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Disease-Causing Bacteria
When bacteria enter your body and cause an
__________, your bodys __________ system works
to kill all of the bacteria. The immune system
is primarily composed of _______ blood cells.
infection
immune
white
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Disease-Causing Bacteria
When your body is infected, your body increases
the number of _________________ it creates to
help fight the infection. These white blood
cells also work better at a slightly higher
____________, so your body warms itself up giving
the sick person a _______.
white blood cells
temperature
fever
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Disease-Causing Bacteria
Your bodys B cells (a type of white blood cell)
create large molecules known as __________ which
help neutralize the bacteria. B cells create
thousands of different ___________ until one of
them is able to attach to the invading
__________.
antibodies
antibodies
bacteria
19
The B cells then create more of this specific
antibody and they are able to ________ to the
bacterium and neutralize it while making it
easier for other _______ blood cells to find it
and destroy it. Once your body makes this
antibody against a bacteria, it never __________
it.
attach
white
destroys
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Disease-Causing Bacteria
This means that the next time your body is
attacked by the _______ bacteria, it will
immediately be able to attack it. This causes a
person to be __________ to that particular
disease.
same
immune
Define immune ___________________________________
____ _____________________________________________
_______
Being immune to
something means that you are not affected by it.
21
Sometimes your bodys immune system is just not
enough. When this is the case, your doctor might
prescribe you ____________. These drugs are
great at killing ________, but they CANNOT kill
________.
antibiotics
bacteria
viruses
22
They usually work by disrupting the bacterias
ability to replicate itself through the process
of ______________. This keeps the infection from
___________, and it can even ___________ the
bacteria that attempt to reproduce.
binary fission
spreading
destroy
23
Some bacteria are not affected by certain
____________. This is because there has been a
change (or ___________ ) to their DNA. This
mutation causes them to reproduce in a slightly
different way that is not affected by the
___________. When this happens, we say that the
bacteria have become _____________ to the
antibiotics.
antibiotics
mutation
antibiotic
resistant
24
One of the main reasons bacteria become resistant
is because of ___________ use of antibiotics.
Many patients take antibiotics until they feel
well, but stop taking them before their
____________ runs out. When this happens, the
bacteria that were easily _______ are gone, but a
few of the more _________ bacteria are still left.
improper
prescription
killed
resistant
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
bacteria
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reproduce
These begin to ____________ and the person can
get sick again or spread them to another
_________ before their immune system finishes the
job. This process continues until finally
someone has an infection that is completely
____________ to any form of antibiotics. This is
why it is important to take your ______________
until they are done whether you feel well or not.
host
resistant
prescriptions
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Disease-Causing Bacteria
Vaccines give people __________ by exposing them
to ______ of a bacteria or ______ bacteria. Your
body thinks it is being invaded, so you may feel
______ for a brief period of time, but the
bacteria is harmless and the __________ your body
makes will make you __________ to that disease.
immunity
parts
dead
sick
antibodies
immune