Marine Fish

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Chapter 7

• Marine Fish

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Phylum Chordata

• Animals with a brain spinal cord

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Subphylum Vertebrata

• Animals with a backbone or endoskeleton

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Jawless Fish

• Class Agnatha

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Characteristics

• Jawless, sucking mouth, cylindrical, gill slits,
  meaty fins, cartilaginous, no air

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Examples

• Lamprey Eel
• Hagfish

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Cartilaginous Fish

• Class Chondrichthyes

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Characteristics

• Cartilaginous, gill slits, ventral mouth, meaty
  fins, no air, pointed scales

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Bony Fish

• Class Osteichthyes

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Characteristics

• True bones, gill cover, terminal mouth,
  membranous fins, air sac, rounded scales

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Operculum

• Gill cover in bony fish

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Caudal Fin Tail finDorsal Fin Back
finPectoral Fin Side finPelvic Fin Bottom fin
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Fish Shape

• Activity dependent

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Mouth Shape

• Diet dependent

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Chromatophores

• Color pigment found in specialized cells in the
  skin of fish

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Iridophores

• Crystal acting like tiny mirrors in the skin of
  fish making them look iridescent

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Countershading

• Color pattern found in almost all fish where they
  are dark on the top light on the bottom

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Types of Coloration

• Cryptic camouflage
• Warning signals poison
• Disruptive breaks silhouette

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Myomeres

• Swimming muscles in fish

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Locomotion Bony

• Can hover
• Can swim backwards
• Can turn on a dime
• Can rise fall

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Locomotion Cart.

• Cannot hover
• Cannot swim backwards
• Cannot turn on a dime
• Cannot rise fall

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Respiration in Fish

• Oxygen is exchanged by diffusion of dissolved
  oxygen gas into the gills

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Gill Parts

• Gill Arch
• Gill Raker
• Gill Filament
• Lamella

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Gill Arch

• Cartilaginous structure that supports the gills

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Gill Rakers

• Forward protrusions that protect the gills

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Gill Filaments

• Fleshy backward projections containing the
  working part of the gills

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Lamellae

• Many rows of thin plates (increasing the surface
  area) where the diffusion takes place

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Bony Gill Irrigation

• Can irrigate gills w/o moving
• Draw water through mouth
• Has operculum

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Cart. Gill Irrigation

• Must swim to irrigate gills
• Draw water through spiracle or mouth
• Has gill slits

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Bony Salt Regulation

• Osmoregulator
• Internal salinity 14 o
• Loses water through skin
• Drinks lots of water

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Cart. Salt Regulation

• Osmoconformer
• Internal salinity 35 o
• Gains water through skin
• Need not drink water

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Lateral Line

• Line of sense organs down each side of fish that
  detects vibrations

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Ampullae of Lorenzini

• Sense organ behind the head of cartilaginous fish
  that detect electric fields

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Fish Behavior

• Territoriality
• Schooling
• Migrating

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Territoriality

• Protecting territory
• Pelagic Fish not much
• Benthic Fish are territorial

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Schooling

• Traveling in large groups
• Protection
• Increased efficiency

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Migrating

• Seasonally moving from place to place
• Warm mating grounds
• Cold feeding grounds

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Anadromous

• Mating in fresh water and living in sea water
• Salmon

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Catadromous

• Mating in sea water and living in fresh water
• American eel

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Vertical Migration

• Migrating during the day to the mesopelagic zone
  for safety back to the surface at night to feed

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Reproductive Behavior
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Spawning

• External fertilization
• Bony fish

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Hermaphrodites

• Able to fertilize their own eggs

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Oviparous

• Lays eggs

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Viviparous

• Live birth

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Ovoviviparous

• Lays eggs, but still has live birth

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Copulation

• Internal fertilization
• Sharks Rays