What

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Whats in YOUR water?

• The Basics of Water Purification
• Jabbons
• Names of Team Members
• In wine there is wisdom, in beer there is
  strength,
• in water there is bacteria.
• -German Proverb

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H20 Dilemma

• Out of the 2/3rds of the worlds surface, only
  2 of the water is useable due to salt water.
• Only small portions of that 2 is useable
  because unfortunately it is found deep under
  ground, in glaciers, and /or heavily polluted.
• Over the past century out water consumption has
  increased 10 fold 100.
• 80 of all human diseases are water borne.

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Water Preview

• Sources of Water
• Reasons for Purification
• Ground Water Purification Process
• Applications

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Whats the Point??

• We have a very scarce resource of fresh water
  left.
• We use roughly 7 liters of water for drinking
  and cooking, bathing, washing clothes, and
  dishes, etc.
• To remove any charged particles.
• Do YOU enjoy dirty water?

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Groundwater Purification Process
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Aeration

• Removes the gases from raw groundwater
• Municipalities aerate drinking water,
  especially that from aquifers. Dissolving
  hydrogen sulfate (H2S), and volatile organic
  compounds--some of which have detectable odor.
• Produces reactions that convert most easily
  oxidized organic material to CO2, thus
  eliminating these organics from the water.

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Settling and Precipitation

• Much of the insoluble matter will not
  precipitate spontaneously since it is suspended
  in water in the form of colloidal particles.
• Colloidal particles 10-3-10-6m in diameter
• usually group together as weakly bound molecules
  or ions and exist as one unit and often carry a
  negative electric charge.

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• The charges repel off neighboring particles
  preventing aggregation and subsequent
  precipitation of the particles.
• To capture charged colloidal particles
  Al2(SO4) is added.
• Al3 3OH- --gt Al(OH)3

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Removing Calcium and Magnesium Ions (Hardness
Removal)

• Water from limestone bedrock will contain large
  levels of Ca2 and Mg2 (Hard Water)
• A carbonate ion is needed to combine with
  calcium to remove it from water
• Sodium carbonate Na2Co3 or if sufficient HCO3- is
  naturally present in water, a hydroxide ion can
  be added to convert the bicarbonate to carbonate
• OH- HCO3- ----gt CO32- H20

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Activated Carbon Removes Dissolved Organic
Compounds

• Water passed through granulated charcoal/carbon
  filters removes small amounts of nonionic
  pollutants
• The charcoal has a diameter of one millimeter
• Improves the taste, odor and purity
• Good for removal of pesticides and chlorinated
  solvents

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Reverse Osmosis Removes Ions From Water

• Water molecules are forced under high pressure
  through a semi-permeable membrane
• -Usually a very thin plastic or cellulose acetate
• The ions and most other molecules are too large
  to pass through the membrane
• Also used to produce fresh water from salt
  water (Desalination)

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Ion Exchange Changes The Ions in Water

• Process which water is passed through an
  apparatus containing a supply of sodium or other
  ions
• Resin, the material which the process takes
  place is a natural or synthetic solid that holds
  ions weakly
• -The resin typically contains sodium ions Na

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Cont.

• When a cation such as calcium passes through
  the resin it displaces two sodium ions
• Na2(s) Ca2(aq) ---gt Ca(s) 2Na(aq)

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Distillation

• A technique used to deionize water.
• Raw water is boiled and the steam collected and
  condensed to what is called distilled water.
• The water obtained by condensing the steam in a
  separate container is ion-free.
• Because so much energy is required to boil
  water, this method of producing deionized water
  is quite expensive.

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Commercial Applications

• The use of ozone, O3 is used in a process
  involving electrical discharge in dry air.
• Bubbles of ozone-laden are created in the
  water, inactivating bacteria, viruses, and
  cryptosporidium.
• Example Spartan
• -takes in 1500 lbs/day

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Portable Applications

• systems provide safe, clean drinking water to
  remote areas where purification is unattainable /
  impractical
• -purifies from puddles, lakes, rivers, streams,
  etc.
• -can be solar-powered or electrical powered
• -provides drinking water for natural disasters,
  emergencies, expeditions, and camping
• Example Aqua Sun
• - purifies 60 gallons/hour

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SAMPLE Residential Applications
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Sources

• Baird, Colin. Gloffke, Wendy. Chemistry in Your
  Life. W.H. Freeman and Company. New York. 2003
• Castellion, Mary E., Joesten, Melvin D., Wood,
  James L. World of Chemistry Essentials.
  Brooks/Cole. 2004
• http//www.alfaauv.com/products.htm
• http//www.aqua-sun-intl.com
• http//www.usmarketing.com
• http//www.spartanwatertreatment.com/drinking_wat
  er.html
• Pictures provided and created by Jamey Koehler