Global Demographics

1
Global Demographics

• Lesson 2 Demographic Terms and Population
  Control Policies
• Adapted from Rubenstein textbook, Chapter 2 and
• http//www.glendale.edu/geo/reed/cultural/cultural
  _lectures.htm

2
Lesson Content

• Population characteristics Crude birth rate,
  crude death rate, natural increase rate
• Age specific measures total fertility rates,
  infant mortality rates,
• Family planning methods
• Birth control programs
• Contraceptive use
• Chinas One-Child program
• Increasing female literacy
• Population structure population pyramid,
  dependency ratio, life expectancy

3
Population Characteristics Crude Birth Rates
(2008)
Fig. 2-8 The crude birth rate (CBR) is the
total number of births in a country per 1000
population per year. The lowest rates are in
Europe, and the highest rates are in Africa and
several Asian countries.
4
Population Characteristics Crude Death Rates

• Crude Death Rate the total number of deaths in a
  year for every 1000 people alive in the society
• What are the societal impacts of a low crude
  death rate, high crude death rate? What would
  have been the impact 50 years ago, 100 years ago?
  
• If people are dying before they reach old age
  society will have less productive workers (common
  in Africa during AIDs crisis, or in countries at
  war, etc..). If productivity falls, children may
  receive less education because they have to go
  work.
• Low death rates countries where people live to
  old age have different challenges paying for
  care of seniors, will hopefully have more
  productive workers (not always the case i.e.
  Japan)

Fig. 2-12 The crude death rate (CDR) is the
total number of deaths in a country per 1000
population per year. Because wealthy countries
are in a late stage of the Demographic
Transition, they often have a higher CDR than
poorer countries.
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Population Characteristics World Death Rates

• Infectious diseases i.e.HIV/AIDS and Swine Flu
• Degenerative diseases i.e. cancer or heart
  disease
• Obesity
• Tobacco use
• What are other contributing factors?

6
Population Characteristics Natural Increase

• Natural Increase the percentage of growth in a
  population. It is measured by subtracting the
  crude death rate from the crude birth rate.
  Remember this does not take into account other
  factors leading to population size, such as
  migration.

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Age Specific Measures Total Fertility Rates
(2005-2010)
   7-8 kids    6-7 kids    5-6 kids    4-5
kids    3-4 kids    2-3 kids    1-2 kids    0-1
kids
Fig. 2-9 The Total fertility rate (TFR) is the
number of children an average woman in a society
will have through her childbearing years. The
lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest are
in Africa and parts of the Middle East.
8
Age-Specific Measures Infant Mortality Rates
(2008)

9
New Influences on Birth Rates

• Family planning programs
• Contraceptive technology
• Role of mass media
• What are other influences?

10
Population Control

• Obstacles
• Religion
• Low female status
• Preference for male children
• Others?

11
Use of Family Planning Percent Contraceptive Use
by Country (latest UN Data)
Fig. 2-22 Both the extent of family planning use
and the methods used vary widely by country and
culture.
12
Doubling Time

• How long will it take for a population of a given
  area to double in size?
• Doubling time assumes the population will grow at
  a given annual rate
• Approximated by dividing the annual rate of
  population into 70
• World 50
• U.S. 35
• MDC 550
• LDC 40
• Honduras 22
• Denmark 700
• Russia never?

Example Bangladesh 70/R.N.I. gt 70/2.09 33.5
years Bangladesh with a population of 144.3
million people in 2005 will have approximately
288.6 million people in 2038, if the population
continues to grow at current rates.
13
Promoting One-Child Policy in China

• Announced in 1980
• Nearly two thirds of all Chinese couples are
  still required to have only one child.
• Before it started, China halve the number of
  children per woman from 5.8 in 1970 to 2.7 in
  1979.
• Sex ratio 120 boys for every 100 girls today
• Chinas only children generation will be the sole
  caretakers of their aging parents, and will pay
  for the rising government costs for future
  pension, health care, and social welfare benefits
  associated with an increasingly aging population.

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Population Pyramid Haiti
15
Population Pyramid Italy
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Population Pyramid USA
17
Population Structure Life Expectancy (2011)
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Population Structure Life Expectancy

• Indicator of overall quality of life
• Contributing factors, infant mortality rate,
  antibiotics/immunization
• What other factors can you name?
• Trends A rapid increase throughout world. Why?