The Antebellum South

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UNIT 6 The South and the Slave
Controversy Manifest Destiny and Its
Legacy Renewing the Sectional Struggle 1793-1860
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MONDAY VOCABULARY
oligarchy rule by a small elite government by
the few. Before the Civil War, the South was in
some respects not so much a democracy but an
oligarchy Planter aristocracy Form of
government in which a few of the most prominent
citizens rule in the case of the South, in 1850
only 2 of slave owners owned more than 50 slaves
and less than this 2 provided the political and
social leadership of the section. Land
Butchery excessive cultivation which despoiled
the good land plantation agriculture was
wasteful, monopolistic and financially unstable.
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Mondays Question of the Day
Slavery's growth in the 19th century paralleled
the expansion of cotton as a cash crop(Source
Wikimedia Commons--public domain)

• Who was the abolitionist leader and publisher of
  The Liberator who referred to the U.S.
  Constitution as  "the most bloody and
  heaven-daring arrangement ever made by men for
  the continuance and protection of a system of the
  most atrocious villainy ever exhibited on
  earth?"(A) Theodore Weld(B)  William Lloyd
  Garrison(C)  Lewis Tappan(D)  Elijah P.
  Lovejoy(E)  John Quincy Adams

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Answer (B)  William Lloyd Garrison

• Garrison was a member of the American
  Colonization Society which supported sending
  ex-slaves back to Africa, but broke with them in
  1830 and began publishing The Liberator in 1831.
  He advocated for the immediate and complete
  abolition of slavery and rejected any attempts at
  compromise on the issue. He wrote "I do not wish
  to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. .
  . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I
  will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single
  inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD."

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TuesDAY VOCABULARY
Manifest Destiny Sometimes called Manifest
Desire. The belief that the United States was
destined, even divinely ordained, to expand
across the North American continent, from the
Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific
Ocean. hard-ciderites a frontier slogan that
referenced the supporters of Whig President
William Henry Harrison of Ohio. Hard cider is an
alcoholic drink from distilled apples and
considered the poor westerners champagne. The
log cabin and barrel of hard cider were prominent
in the campaign of 1840 between Van Buren and
Harrison. annexation process of attaching,
adding, or appending the act of connecting as
in the annexation of Texas to the United States.
The Lone Star Republic was denied annexation by
Pres. Jackson and Van Buren due to slavery-growth
issue. Texas annexed in 1844 under Tyler.

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Manifest Destiny
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Tuesdays Question of the Day

• Which of the following nations did not claim
  ownership of part of the west coast of North
  America in the 1830s?       (A) Great
  Britain       (B) Russia       (C) Mexico  
      (D) France       (E) United States

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Answer (D) France

• Mexico, Great Britain, the United States, and
  Russia all made claim to portions of the west
  coast of North America in the 1830s. The
  competing claims of Great Britain and the United
  States were settled with the Oregon Treaty of
  1846 which fixed the border at the 49th parallel.
  Mexico gave up claim to California with the
  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Russia's
  otter-hunting efforts led it to attempt
  settlement of northern California at Fort Ross
  which had perhaps 100 Russian residents at its
  height but was abandoned as a Russian outpost in
  1842.

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WednesDAY VOCABULARY
sectionalism loyalty to a particular region
North (New England and mid-Atlantic states plus
the Old Northwest states west of the Alleghenies
Ohio, Indiana, etc.) South (states that
permitted slavery border states of Kentucky,
Missouri, and Maryland Deep South states of
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and LouisianaOld
South states of Virginia, North Carolina, and
South Carolina and New Southwest states of Texas,
Arkansas, and Indian Territory). West (lands
not on the Atlantic Coast lands on other side of
Appalachian Mts. land beyond the Miss.
River) peculiar institution reference to the
property of slaves which attempted to justify the
good of the system. overseer someone who
governs or directs the work of another. .under
the watchful eyes and ready whip-hand of a white
overseer of black driver,..
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Wednesdays Question of the Day

• Southern defenses of slavery in the 1850s
  included all of the following except    (A)   
  references to slavery in the Bible, including
  "slaves, obey your masters"    (B)    an appeal
  that slavery was actually kinder to the slave
  than the wage system of Northern cities   
  (C)    the Constitution allowed slavery   
  (D)    the continued presence of slavery in Great
  Britain    (E)    the fact that Rome and Greece
  both utilized slavery

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Answer (D) the continued presence of slavery in
Great Britain

• Southerners created varied and elaborate defenses
  of slavery, appealing to the classical cultures
  of Greece and Rome, verses in the Bible, the fact
  that the Constitution permitted it, and the
  contrast with the conditions of northern
  industrial workers, who had no job security and
  were not provided food and housing, as were
  slaves. Parliament abolished slavery throughout
  the British Empire in 1833, largely due to the
  tireless efforts of William Wilberforce who died
  three days after the final bill was passed.

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ThursDAY VOCABULARY
sabotage intentional destruction or damage of
goods, machines, or productive processes,.. they
sabotaged expensive equipment hillbillies
and poor white trash derisive name given to ¾
of the Souths white population who owned no
slaves but defended the system believing they
would some day own slaves and be superior to
someone on the social scale. Pine Barrens
White mountain southerners along the the slopes
and in the valleys of the Appalachian and Osark
mountains. Disliked planters and the slaves
many during the Civil War (including Pres. Andrew
Johnson of Tennessee) fought with the
Union/North.)
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Thursdays Question of the Day

• Which of the following statements is not true of
  the Mexican-American War?I. Before an 1846
  Texas-Mexico border dispute, President Polk had
  sent a delegation to Mexico City in an attempt to
  purchase California and New MexicoII. Mexican
  General Santa Anna, who had been disgraced and
  exiled for his actions in the Texas independence
  fight, was brought out of exile and resumed his
  position as President of MexicoIII. A group of
  Irish-American soldiers defected to the Mexican
  side and formed the San Patricio BattalionIV.
  General Zachary Taylor's forces outlasted Mexican
  troops while greatly outnumbered at the battle of
  Buena Vista
•     (A)    I, II, and IV only    (B)    II,
  III, and IV only    (C)    I and III only   
  (D)    I, III, and IV only    (E)    all of the
  statements are true

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Answer (E) all of the statements are true

• Polk sent John Slidell to offer to purchase what
  is now the American Southwest from Mexico, but
  offended Mexican officials refused to meet the
  delegation. Santa Anna was brought out of Cuban
  exile by Polk in an attempt to end the war, but
  the effort backfired as Santa Anna led troops
  against the U.S. The San Patricio Battalion,
  composed mainly of Roman Catholics, was promised
  land grants for defecting to the Mexican cause.
  Many were caught and executed for treason. No
  land grants were ever confirmed for those who
  survived. Taylor's men, outnumbered perhaps
  20,000 to 5,000, successfully resisted Santa
  Anna's attacks at Buena Vista.

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FriDAY VOCABULARY
Flogging punishment also called whipping or
caning a beating administered with a whip or
rod, with blows commonly directed to the persons
back. American Colonization Society Part of
the antislavery movement founded in 1817 to
support the idea of transporting free slaves to
an African colony. Established Monrovia, Liberia
in 1822 for this purpose but on 12,000 settled
there. American Antislavery Society Formed in
1833 by William Lloyd Garrison (Liberator) as a
radical abolitionist movement that attacked the
Constitution as a proslavery document and
advocated Northern secession.
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Fridays Question of the Day

• The Fugitive Slave Act was a
• provision of which of the following    (A)   
  the Missouri Compromise    (B)    the Wilmot
  Proviso    (C)    the Compromise of 1850   
  (D)    the Kansas-Nebraska Act    (E)    the
  Ostend Manifesto

Anti-Fugitive Slave Act poster(Source Wikimedia
Commons--public domain)
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Answer (C) the Compromise of 1850

• Although the Constitution supported the return of
  runaway slaves (Article IV, Section II) and
  fugitive slave bills had been passed prior to
  1850, the inclusion of the Fugitive Slave Law in
  the Compromise of 1850 proved to be the most
  controversial. Southerners demanded it in
  exchange for concessions to the North, such as
  California's admission as a free state.
  Abolitionists hated it and saw its federal
  enforcement as an example of Southern "slave
  power."