Pilgrims

1
Pilgrims

• Dr, Joel B. Peckham, Jr

2
Pilgrims

• "The Pilgrims a simple people, inspired by an
  ardent faith in God, a dauntless courage in
  danger, a boundless resourcefulness in the face
  of difficulties, an impregnable fortitude in
  adversity thus they have in some measure become
  the spiritual ancestors of all Americans.
  Samuel Eliot Morison, mid 20th century

3
Separatism

• Develops out of reformation
• Religious authority grounded solely in scripture,
  not pope or king
• Literacy vital
• Democratization Those who are to exercise any
  public function in the church should be chosen by
  common voice, Calvin
• Leave England For Holland in 1608
• Leave Holland for America in 1620

4
The Embarking, 1620
5
The Voyage

• After they had enjoyed fair winds and weather for
  a season, they were encountered many times with
  cross winds and met with many fierce storms with
  which the ship was shroudly shaken, and her upper
  works made very leaky and one of the main beams
  in the midships was bowed and cracked, which put
  them in some fear that the ship could not be able
  to perform the voyage--Bradford

6
The Arrival
7
Bradford--

• Being thus passed the vast ocean and a sea of
  troubles before in their preparation . . . They
  had now no friends to welcome them nor inns to
  entertain or refresh their weatherbeaten bodies
  no houses or much less towns to repair to, to
  seek for succour . . . .
• Besides, what could they see but a hideous and
  desolate wilderness, full of wild beasts and wild
  men . . . .
• For which way soever they turned their eyes (save
  upward to the heavens) they could have little
  solace or content in respect of any outward object

8
The Mayflower Compact

• Haveing undertaken, for the glorie of God, and
  advancemente of the Christian faith, and honour
  of our king and countrie, a voyage to plant the
  first colonie in the Northerne parts of Virginia,
  doe by these presents solemnly and mutually in
  the presence of God, and one another, covenant
  and combine our selves togeather into a civill
  body politick, for our better ordering and
  preservation and furtherance of the ends
  aforesaid and by vertue hereof to enacte,
  constitute and frame shuch just and equall lawes,
  ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices,
  from time to time, as shall be thought most meete
  and convenient for the generall good of the
  Colonie, unto which we promise all due submission
  and obedience. In witnes whereof we have
  hereunder subscribed our names at Cap-Codd the
  .11. of November, in the year of the raigne of
  our soveraigne lord, King James, of England,
  France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of
  Scotland the fiftie-fourth. Anno Dom. 1620
  William Bradford

9
The Beginning
10

• Felicia Dorothea Hemans, 1808
• "The breaking waves dashd hig
• On a stern and rock-bound coast,
• And the woods against a stormy sky
• their giant branches tossd.
• And the heavy night hung dark
• the hills and waters oer,
• When a band of exiles moord their bark
• On the wild New England shore.
• "Not as the conqueror comes,
• they, the true-hearted, came
• Not with the roll of the stirring drums,
• And the trumpet that sings of fame
• Not as the flying come,
• In silence and in fear
• They shook the depths of the desert gloom
• With their hymns of lofty cheer.

"Amidst the storm they sang,And the stars heard,
and the seaAnd the sounding aisles of the dim
woods rangto the anthem of the free.The ocean
eagle soaredFrom his nest by the white waves
foam,And the rocking pines of the forest
roared,This was their welcome home."What
sought they thus afar?Bright jewels from the
mine?The wealth of seas, the spoils of war?They
sought a faiths pure shrine.Ay, call it holy
ground,The soil which first they trodThey have
left un-stained what there they found,Freedom
to worship God."
11
The Starving Time
In the first few months after landing 51 of 102
colonists perished. Without the help of Native
Americans the harvest of the following summer
that saved the colony could not have occurred
12
(No Transcript)
13
The First Thanksgiving

• Edward Winslow, Mourt's Relation "our harvest
  being gotten in, our governour sent foure men on
  fowling, that so we might after a speciall manner
  rejoyce together, after we had gathered the
  fruits of our labours they foure in one day
  killed as much fowle, as with a little helpe
  beside, served the Company almost a weeke, at
  which time amongst other Recreations, we
  exercised our Armes, many of the Indians coming
  amongst us, and amongst the rest their greatest
  king Massasoyt, with some nintie men, whom for
  three dayes we entertained and feasted, and they
  went out and killed five Deere, which we brought
  to the Plantation and bestowed on our Governour,
  and upon the Captaine and others.  And although
  it be not always so plentifull, as it was at this
  time with us, yet by the goodnessr of God, we are
  so farre from want,  that we often wish you
  partakers of our plentie.

14
Treaty with Massasoit

• 1. That neither he (Massasoit) nor any of his,
  should injurie or doe hurt to any of their
  peopl(e)..2. That if any of his did any hurte to
  any of theirs, he should send the offender, that
  they might punish him..3. That if any thing were
  taken away from any of theirs, he should cause it
  to be restored and they should do like to
  him..4. If any did unjustly warr against him,
  they would aide him if any did warr against
  them, he should aide them. He should send to his
  neighbours confederates, to certifie them of his,
  that they might not wrong them, but might be
  likewise comprised in the conditions of peace.

15
Lives of Pilgrims
16
Clothes

• Pilgrim clothes were often made of wool and linen
  cloth. A Pilgrim boy would have worn stockings
  with garters to hold them up, breeches (pants), a
  doublet (short jacket), leather shoes, and
  perhaps a felt hat. A Pilgrim girl would have
  dressed in a petticoat, stockings with garters to
  hold them up, an apron, a waistcoat, leather
  shoes, and a linen coif on her head.

17
Houses

• Pilgrim families lived in houses constructed of
  bark and branches. The roof was made of straw and
  vines. Most Pilgrim houses had a fireplace, one
  main room and a small upstairs space. Surrounding
  the village was a palisade a defensive barrier
  made of logs.

18
Leadership

• Church and state were governed separately in
  Plymouth Colony.  The Governor, with the help of
  his Assistants, or council, presided over the
  General Court. Until 1639, the General Court was
  made up of the freemen of the colony, who
  assembled to vote on laws and try court cases. 
  After 1639 each town sent representatives to the
  General Court.
• William Bradford was the long-time governor of
  Plymouth Colony, serving in that capacity almost
  continuously from 1621 until 1656. The Governor
  and his Assistants negotiated with the Wampanoag
  and other Native groups, as well as with other
  colonies.

19
Music--Psalms

• Old Hundred

The Bay Psalm Book was the first book in English
to be printed in America Aim is not beauty but
accuracy, closeness to biblical text. Slow,
stern, elongated style of singing reflected the
need to line-out Each verseto read it it first
so that those without books could follow