Diapositiva 1

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Classificación climàtica Koppen-Geiger
Temperaturas, precipitaciones y reparto anual de
éstas,
índice de aridez
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http//severe.worldweather.wmo.int/
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MET OFFICE
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Clima en Noruega..MET OFFICE

• Norway extends for about 1,100 miles between 58
  and 71 N. The northern part of the country
  within the Arctic Circle has continuous daylight
  at midsummer and Arctic twilight all day in
  winter. Much of the interior is high mountain and
  plateau, whilst the largest area of lowland is in
  the south around Oslo, and this is the driest and
  warmest part of the country in summer.
• The interior highlands have an Arctic type of
  climate in winter with snow, strong winds and
  severe frosts, but during fine summer spells the
  daytime temperatures can rise to the low 30s C
  with long hours of sunshine. By contrast, the
  coastal areas have comparatively mild winter
  conditions under the influence of the Atlantic.
  This prevents the sea from freezing and keeps the
  harbours open.
• Norway's weather and climate are very much
  influenced by Atlantic weather disturbances,
  resulting in changeable conditions throughout the
  year. Gales, rain and cloud are the dominant
  features of this coast, and the rainfall is
  frequent and heavy (in excess of 200 mm in each
  of the autumn months at Bergen). Rainfall
  decreases towards the north and snow is common at
  sea level in winter.
• The Spitzbergen archipelago is situated in the
  Arctic Ocean between 77 and 80 N and has a
  severe Arctic climate. Winters are very cold and
  in the short summers, snow scarcely melts at sea
  level. The conditions at this time are very
  severe and also apply to northern and central
  parts of mainland Norway at higher levels.

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Eastern Mediterranean Past weather and climate

• December is the warmest winter month in the
  eastern Mediterranean, although Cairo does have a
  fairly constant temperature throughout the season
  (average daytime maximum temperature 20 C/68
  F). This makes it ideal for sightseeing - not
  too hot ! Southern Israel has temperatures 2 or 3
  degrees higher, whilst the Greek mainland has
  corresponding values of 16 C (61 F). Four to
  five hours of sunshine can be expected at Cairo
  and Corfu, whilst Eilat enjoys about 7 hours on
  average. There are typically 28 dry days each
  month in Egypt, whilst the Greek islands and
  mainland have only 14 to 18.
• Spring is again a good time for touring the area
  before some parts just get too hot. Cairo has
  average daytime maxima varying from 24 C (75 F)
  in March to a hot 32 C (90 F) in May. In Greece
  and the islands, temperatures reach an average
  maximum of 25 C (78 F) in May, sometimes
  enhanced by the presence of the 'Sirocco', a hot
  wind from Africa. In southern Israel,
  temperatures can reach a very hot 36 C (97 F)
  in May. Up to ten or eleven hours of sunshine can
  be expected, coupled with up to 30 dry days.
• The summer months can be extremely hot in Egypt
  and Israel, with Cairo having average daily
  maximum temperatures of 35 C (96 F) and Eilat
  having corresponding values of 40 C (104 F). It
  must be remembered that these values are
  averages, and the actual temperatures could be
  well in excess of them. If sailing around the
  Greek islands, watch out for the 'Etesian' winds
  which can persist for days, making the sea
  choppy. This can reach gale force during the day
  before dropping out at night. It does, however,
  have a plus, inasmuch as it makes the heat more
  bearable in those regions. The summer months are
  almost totally dry, and 10 or more hours of
  sunshine are expected on average.
• The high temperatures continue well into the
  autumn with 33 C (92 F) at Egypt in September
  falling to 26 C (79 F) by November. The
  'Sirocco' again often affects the Greek islands
  at this time of year, holding average maxima at
  about 29 C (85 F), falling to 19 C (66 F) by
  November. Greece and the islands become
  progressively wetter through the season (15 to 17
  days by November). At Eilat, average daily maxima
  are still as high as 28 C (82 F) by the end of
  November, but at least it has started raining!
• By November, 7-8 hours of sunshine can be
  expected over Egypt and Israel, but only 4-5 over
  Greece and the islands.

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Eastern Europe Past weather and climate I

• Northern and central European Russia is below
  1,000 feet and has rather variable weather
  compared to other parts of the old USSR. This is
  because it is more open to weather influences
  coming from western Europe. The mildest areas are
  along the Baltic coast, but even here the sea can
  freeze in severe winters. Daily average maximum
  temperatures at Moscow range from -9 C in
  January to 23 C in July. July is the wettest
  month on average (88 mm). Winter sunshine is low
  throughout the region, only one hour per day on
  average being received. In summer, however, up to
  ten hours on average are common.
• Hungary is a totally enclosed country, completely
  cut off from the moderating influence of the
  Atlantic Ocean. There are no great differences in
  weather or climate throughout the country, though
  there is a considerable difference between winter
  and summer, and spells of weather tend to persist
  longer than in more-oceanic climates. Spring and
  summer are the wettest periods, much of the rain
  coming in frequent heavy thundery downpours.
  Summer weather is pleasantly warm or hot, whilst
  the winters are cold with snow and fog. Indeed,
  the Danube is often completely frozen during
  severe spells. Daily average maximum temperatures
  at Budapest vary from vary from 1 C in January
  to 28 C in July. The wettest month on average is
  May (72 mm).

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Eastern Europe Past weather and climate II

• The Czech and Slovak Republics are also enclosed
  countries with a transitional climate between the
  milder, wetter Atlantic European pattern and the
  more extreme Russian weather. There is little
  variability in the weather across the countries,
  and the longest periods of settled weather occur
  during calm cold foggy winter spells. Snow may
  lie for as many as 100 days. Average daily
  maximum temperatures at Prague vary from 10 C in
  January to 33 C in July. On average, the wettest
  month is July (68 mm).
• Romania has a continental-type climate with cold
  snowy winters and warm summers. Precipitation is
  normally rather low except in the higher parts of
  the Carpathians. Spring and summer are the
  wettest seasons with frequent thunderstorms. The
  change from winter to summer is rather abrupt,
  with spring being a short and changeable season.
  Summers can have up to 10 hours of sunshine a
  day, but only two hours in a typical winter
  period. At Bucharest, average daily maximum
  temperatures vary from 1 C in January to 30 C
  in July and August. June is the wettest month on
  average (121 mm).

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Eastern Europe Past weather and climate III

• Most of Poland has a similar climate and the same
  sequence of weather throughout the year.
  Precipitation is well distributed throughout the
  year, with a summer maximum of rain, often heavy
  and thundery. Much of the winter precipitation is
  snow, which can lie for up to 100 days in the
  Carpathians. In summer, it rarely gets hot, but
  fine spells of sunny weather and occasional
  droughts occur. At Warsaw, daily average maximum
  temperatures vary from 0 C in winter to 24 C in
  summer. The wettest month on average is July (96
  mm).