Composition of ad hoc Committees Implications

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Composition of ad hoc CommitteesImplications

• Nicolas Angelet

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I. Policy Issues

• A. International and Institutional Proceedings
• No party appointments (Article 52.3)
• In lieu of domestic control (Article 54)
• ? Legitimacy towards State Parties
• ? Avoid (perceived) domestic or partisan
  influences

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I. Policy Issues

• B. Annulment proceedings
• Open-ended grounds
• Directed against award potentially affecting
  the arbitrators (cf. Article 52.3)
• ? Legitimacy towards State Parties avoid
  domestic or partisan positions
• ? Fairness towards the arbitrators maximize
  coherence legal certainty

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II. Familiarity with the legal system involved in
the dispute?

• A. Broches et al.
• the requirement of familiarity with the legal
  system(s) involved may present another obstacle
  to continuity in the composition of the
  Committees

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II. Familiarity with the legal system involved in
the dispute?

• Not in line with
• Annulment as a substitute for domestic control,
  i.e., unrelated to the legal system involved in
  the dispute
• Annulment as distinguished from appeal
• Need to enhance coherence

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III. Committee Members more experienced than the
Arbitrators?

• Pierre Lalive
• .. the choice of committee members has not
  always been made among more experienced people,
  than that of the arbitrators ..

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III. Committee Members more experienced than the
Arbitrators?

• Fairness towards the arbitrators and possibly
  legitimacy towards State parties
• Unrelated to coherence
• Arbitrators authority often cannot be outclassed
• Experience in what? ICSID arbitration, ICSID
  annulment proceedings, domestic proceedings
  directed against arbitral awards

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IV. Intl and Domestic Lawyers Different Legal
Cultures

• Public international lawyers
• Advantages
• grounds for annulment as treaty law
• public international law issues raised under a
  ground of annulment
• safeguarding proceedings against domestic
  influences
• Limits few public international lawyers
  experienced in proceedings against arbitral awards

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IV. Intl and Domestic Lawyers Different Legal
Cultures

• Domestic Lawyers
• Advantages larger number with relevant
  experience
• Limits risk of undue domestic influences
  compensation through representation of different
  legal cultures

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IV. International and Domestic Lawyers 2000 -
Present
CAA S.A. and VU v. Argentina Date Registered
March 23, 2001 Composition President L. Yves
FORTIER (Canadian) Members James R. CRAWFORD
(Australian) José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS (Spanish)

International

Domestic
Philippe Gruslin v. Malaysia Date Registered
December 19, 2000 Composition President Thomas
BUERGENTHAL (U.S.) Members Kamal HOSSAIN
(Bangladeshi) Gabrielle KAUFMANN-KOHLER (Swiss)
CDC Group plc v. Seychelles Date Registered
April 30, 2004 Composition President Charles N.
BROWER (U.S.) Members Michael HWANG
(Singaporean) David A.R. WILLIAMS (New Zealand)
WHL v. Egypt Date Registered January 24,
2001 Composition President Konstantinos D.
KERAMEUS (Greek) Members Andreas BUCHER
(Swiss) Francisco ORREGO VICUÑA (Chilean)
Consortium R.F.C.C. v. Morocco Date Registered
April 30, 2004 Composition President Bernard
HANOTIAU (Belgian) Members Arghyrios A. FATOUROS
(Greek) Franklin BERMAN (British)
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Patrick Mitchell v. DRC Date Registered July 15,
200 Composition President Antonias C. DIMOLITSA
(Greek) Members Robert S.M. DOSSOU
(Beninese) Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
JMML v. Egypt Date Registered December 22,
2004 Composition President Antonias C.
DIMOLITSA (Greek) Members Michael HWANG
(Singaporean) José Luis SHAW (Uruguayan) Lucchet
ti v. Peru Date Registered July 01,
2005 Composition President Hans DANELIUS
(Swedish) Members Andrea GIARDINA
(Italian) Franklin BERMAN (British) CMS Gas
Transmission v. Argentina Date Registered
September 27, 2005 Composition President
Gilbert GUILLAUME (French) Members Nabil ELARABY
(Egyptian) James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)
Repsol Date Registered July 15,
2004 Composition President Judd L. KESSLER
(U.S.) Members Piero BERNARDINI
(Italian) Gonzalo BIGGS (Chilean) MTD v.
Chile Date Registered September 30,
2004 Composition President Gilbert GUILLAUME
(French) Members James R. CRAWFORD
(Australian) Sara ORDOÑEZ NORIEGA
(Colombian) HNS v. United Arab Emirates Date
Registered November 12, 2004 Composition Preside
nt Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine) Members
Omar NABULSI (Jordanian) Brigitte STERN (French)
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Ahmonseto Date Registered November 02,
2007 Composition President Piero BERNARDINI
(Italian) Members Azzedine KETTANI
(Moroccan) Peter TOMKA (Slovak) M.C.I. Power
Group Date Registered December 06,
2007 Composition President Dominique HASCHER
(French) Members Hans DANELIUS (Swedish) Peter
TOMKA (Slovak) Fraport AG Date Registered
January 08, 2008 Composition President Peter
TOMKA (Slovak) Members Dominique HASCHER
(French) Campbell McLACHLAN (New Zealand)
Azurix Corp. v. Argentina Date Registered
December 11, 2006 Composition President Gavan
GRIFFITH (Australian) Members Bola AJIBOLA
(Nigerian) Michael HWANG (Singaporean) Siemens
A.G. v. Argentina Date Registered July 16,
2007 Composition President Gilbert GUILLAUME
(French) Members Florentino P. FELICIANO
(Philippine) Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN
(Guyanese) Malaysian Historical Salvors v.
Malaysia Date Registered September 17,
2007 Composition President Stephen M. SCHWEBEL
(U.S.) Members Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN
(Guyanese) Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
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V. Investors States / Host States

• Legitimacy (subjective impartiality) towards
  State Parties, in particular Host States

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V. Investors States - Host States 2000 - Present

Host States
CAA S.A. and VU v. Argentina Date Registered
March 23, 2001 Composition President L. Yves
FORTIER (Canadian) Members James R. CRAWFORD
(Australian) José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS (Spanish)

Investors States

In between
Philippe Gruslin v. Malaysia Date Registered
December 19, 2000 Composition President Thomas
BUERGENTHAL (U.S.) Members Kamal HOSSAIN
(Bangladeshi) Gabrielle KAUFMANN-KOHLER (Swiss)
CDC Group plc v. Seychelles Date Registered
April 30, 2004 Composition President Charles N.
BROWER (U.S.) Members Michael HWANG
(Singaporean) David A.R. WILLIAMS (New Zealand)
WHL v. Egypt Date Registered January 24,
2001 Composition President Konstantinos D.
KERAMEUS (Greek) Members Andreas BUCHER
(Swiss) Francisco ORREGO VICUÑA (Chilean)
Consortium R.F.C.C. v. Morocco Date Registered
April 30, 2004 Composition President Bernard
HANOTIAU (Belgian) Members Arghyrios A. FATOUROS
(Greek) Franklin BERMAN (British)
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Patrick Mitchell v. DRC Date Registered July 15,
200 Composition President Antonias C. DIMOLITSA
(Greek) Members Robert S.M. DOSSOU
(Beninese) Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
JMML v. Egypt Date Registered December 22,
2004 Composition President Antonias C.
DIMOLITSA (Greek) Members Michael HWANG
(Singaporean) José Luis SHAW (Uruguayan) Lucchet
ti v. Peru Date Registered July 01,
2005 Composition President Hans DANELIUS
(Swedish) Members Andrea GIARDINA
(Italian) Franklin BERMAN (British) CMS Gas
Transmission v. Argentina Date Registered
September 27, 2005 Composition President
Gilbert GUILLAUME (French) Members Nabil ELARABY
(Egyptian) James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)
Repsol Date Registered July 15,
2004 Composition President Judd L. KESSLER
(U.S.) Members Piero BERNARDINI
(Italian) Gonzalo BIGGS (Chilean) MTD v.
Chile Date Registered September 30,
2004 Composition President Gilbert GUILLAUME
(French) Members James R. CRAWFORD
(Australian) Sara ORDOÑEZ NORIEGA
(Colombian) HNS v. United Arab Emirates Date
Registered November 12, 2004 Composition Preside
nt Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine) Members
Omar NABULSI (Jordanian) Brigitte STERN (French)
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Ahmonseto Date Registered November 02,
2007 Composition President Piero BERNARDINI
(Italian) Members Azzedine KETTANI
(Moroccan) Peter TOMKA (Slovak) M.C.I. Power
Group Date Registered December 06,
2007 Composition President Dominique HASCHER
(French) Members Hans DANELIUS (Swedish) Peter
TOMKA (Slovak) Fraport AG Date Registered
January 08, 2008 Composition President Peter
TOMKA (Slovak) Members Dominique HASCHER
(French) Campbell McLACHLAN (New Zealand)
Azurix Corp. v. Argentina Date Registered
December 11, 2006 Composition President Gavan
GRIFFITH (Australian) Members Bola AJIBOLA
(Nigerian) Michael HWANG (Singaporean) Siemens
A.G. v. Argentina Date Registered July 16,
2007 Composition President Gilbert GUILLAUME
(French) Members Florentino P. FELICIANO
(Philippine) Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN
(Guyanese) Malaysian Historical Salvors v.
Malaysia Date Registered September 17,
2007 Composition President Stephen M. SCHWEBEL
(U.S.) Members Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN
(Guyanese) Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
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VI. Continuity in Composition

• Enhances coherence ? legal certainty
• Not to the detriment of other criteria
• Obstacle Increased caseload, exclusionary rules
• Informal copy of WTO Appellate Body gtlt Secrecy
  of deliberations

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VI. Continuity in Composition1984 -1992
Klöckner II Date Registered 1 July
1988 Composition President Sompong SUCHARITKUL
(Thai) Members Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
Kéba MBAYE (Senegalese) Amco II Date
Registered 18 October 1990 and
20 February 1991 Composition
President Sompong SUCHARITKUL (Thai) Members
Arghyrios A. FATOUROS (Greek)
Dietrich SCHINDLER (Swiss) SPP v. Egypt Date
Registered 27 May 1992 Composition President
Claude REYMOND (Swiss) Members Arghyrios A.
FATOUROS (Greek) Kéba MBAYE
(Senegalese)
Klöckner I  Date Registered 16 February
1984 Composition President Pierre LALIVE
(Swiss) Members Ahmed Sadek EL-KOSHERI
(Egyptian) Ignaz
SEIDL-HOHENVELDERN (Austrian) Amco I Date
Registered 18 March 1985 Composition
President Ignaz SEIDL-HOHENVELDERN (Austrian)
Members Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine)
Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
MINE Date Registered 30 March
1988 Composition President Sompong SUCHARITKUL
(Thai) Members Aaron BROCHES (Netherlands)
Kéba MBAYE (Senegalese)
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VI. Continuity in Composition 2000 - Present
CDC Group plc v. Seychelles Date Registered
April 30, 2004 Composition President Charles N.
BROWER (U.S.) Members Michael HWANG
(Singaporean) David A.R. WILLIAMS (New Zealand)
Philippe Gruslin v. Malaysia Date Registered
December 19, 2000 Composition President Thomas
BUERGENTHAL (U.S.) Members Kamal HOSSAIN
(Bangladeshi) Gabrielle KAUFMANN-KOHLER (Swiss)
Consortium R.F.C.C. v. Morocco Date Registered
April 30, 2004 Composition President Bernard
HANOTIAU (Belgian) Members Arghyrios A. FATOUROS
(Greek) Franklin BERMAN (British)
WHL v. Egypt Date Registered January 24,
2001 Composition President Konstantinos D.
KERAMEUS (Greek) Members Andreas BUCHER
(Swiss) Francisco ORREGO VICUÑA (Chilean)
Patrick Mitchell v. DRC Date Registered July 15,
200 Composition President Antonias C. DIMOLITSA
(Greek) Members Robert S.M. DOSSOU
(Beninese) Andrea GIARDINA (Italian)
CAA S.A. and VU v. Argentina Date Registered
March 23, 2001 Composition President L. Yves
FORTIER (Canadian) Members James R. CRAWFORD
(Australian) José Carlos FERNÁNDEZ ROZAS (Spanish)
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Repsol Date Registered July 15,
2004 Composition President Judd L. KESSLER
(U.S.) Members Piero BERNARDINI
(Italian) Gonzalo BIGGS (Chilean) MTD v.
Chile Date Registered September 30,
2004 Composition President Gilbert GUILLAUME
(French) Members James R. CRAWFORD
(Australian) Sara ORDOÑEZ NORIEGA
(Colombian) HNS v. United Arab Emirates Date
Registered November 12, 2004 Composition Preside
nt Florentino P. FELICIANO (Philippine) Members
Omar NABULSI (Jordanian) Brigitte STERN (French)
JMML v. Egypt Date Registered December 22,
2004 Composition President Antonias C.
DIMOLITSA (Greek) Members Michael HWANG
(Singaporean) José Luis SHAW (Uruguayan) Lucchet
ti v. Peru Date Registered July 01,
2005 Composition President Hans DANELIUS
(Swedish) Members Andrea GIARDINA
(Italian) Franklin BERMAN (British) CMS Gas
Transmission v. Argentina Date Registered
September 27, 2005 Composition President
Gilbert GUILLAUME (French) Members Nabil ELARABY
(Egyptian) James R. CRAWFORD (Australian)
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Ahmonseto Date Registered November 02,
2007 Composition President Piero BERNARDINI
(Italian) Members Azzedine KETTANI
(Moroccan) Peter TOMKA (Slovak) M.C.I. Power
Group Date Registered December 06,
2007 Composition President Dominique HASCHER
(French) Members Hans DANELIUS (Swedish) Peter
TOMKA (Slovak) Fraport AG Date Registered
January 08, 2008 Composition President Peter
TOMKA (Slovak) Members Dominique HASCHER
(French) Campbell McLACHLAN (New Zealand)
Azurix Corp. v. Argentina Date Registered
December 11, 2006 Composition President Gavan
GRIFFITH (Australian) Members Bola AJIBOLA
(Nigerian) Michael HWANG (Singaporean) Siemens
A.G. v. Argentina Date Registered July 16,
2007 Composition President Gilbert GUILLAUME
(French) Members Florentino P. FELICIANO
(Philippine) Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN
(Guyanese) Malaysian Historical Salvors v.
Malaysia Date Registered September 17,
2007 Composition President Stephen M. SCHWEBEL
(U.S.) Members Mohamed SHAHABUDDEEN
(Guyanese) Peter TOMKA (Slovak)
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VI. Continuity in Composition Observations (2000
- Present)

• Out of 38 persons, 11 have served more than 1
  time
• Generally, not in successive Committees
• 7 have served in 2 different Committees
• 3 have served in 3 different Committees
• 1 has served in the 4 last Committees ? Return to
  continuity?

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Conclusion

• Proposed criteria largely matched
• Recent return to continuity but loss of
  Investors State / Host State balance
• Danger of sacrificing other criteria to
  continuity ?