AFRICA

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AFRICA

• BANTU MIGRATIONS

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BANTU MIGRATIONS

• http//www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/
  imaps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_206_bantu.html

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• Bantu is used as a general label for 300-600
  ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages
• Cameroon east across Central Africa and Eastern
  Africa to Southern Africa
• The Bantu family is fragmented into hundreds of
  individual groups, the largest being the Zulu
  with some 10 million.
• The Bantu language Swahili with its 5-10 million
  native speakers is of super-regional importance
  as tens of millions fluently command it as a
  second language.

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CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

• CIVILIZATION IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
• WHAT IS KNOWN?

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MESOAMERICA

• Mesoamerica (Spanish Mesoamérica) is a region
  and cultural area in the Americas, extending
  approximately from central Mexico to Belize,
  Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and
  northern Costa Rica, within which a number of
  pre-Columbian societies flourished before the
  Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th
  and 16th centuries.

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• OLMEC
• MAYAN
• AZTEC
• INCA

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OLMEC
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• The Olmec were the first major civilization in
  Mexico.
• They lived in the tropical lowlands of
  south-central Mexico, in the modern-day states of
  Veracruz and Tabasco.
• 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE.
• the Olmec appeared to practice ritual
  bloodletting and played the Mesoamerican
  ballgame, hallmarks of nearly all subsequent
  Mesoamerican societies.

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• familiar aspect of the Olmecs is their artwork,
  particularly the aptly named colossal heads

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• Olmec elites had access to an extensive trading
  network
• depopulation was likely the result of very
  serious environmental changes that rendered the
  region unsuited for large groups of farmers, in
  particular changes to the riverine environment
  that the Olmec depended upon for agriculture,
  hunting and gathering, and transportation.
• Archaeologists propose that these changes were
  triggered by tectonic upheavals or subsidence, or
  the silting up of rivers due to agricultural
  practices

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MAYA
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MAYA

• 2000 BC to AD 250
• AD 250 to 900
• cities of Tikal, Palenque, Copán
• COLLAPSE PROBABLY DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND
  DROUGHT

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AZTEC

• From the 13th century -1521

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• The Aztec empire was a tribute empire based in
  Tenochtitlan, which extended its power throughout
  Mesoamerica
• In 1521 Hernán Cortés, along with a large number
  of Nahuatl speaking indigenous allies, conquered
  Tenochtitlan and defeated the Aztec Triple
  Alliance under the leadership of Moctezuma II.
• the Spanish founded the new settlement of Mexico
  City on the site of the ruined Aztec capital,
  from where they proceeded with the process of
  colonizing Central America.

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INCA

• The Inca Empire, largest empire in pre-Columbian
  America
• 14381533
• Cusco , Peru
• From 1438 to 1533, the Incas used a variety of
  methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation,
  to incorporate a large portion of western South
  America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges,
  including, besides Peru, large parts of modern
  Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia,
  northwest Argentina, north and central Chile, and
  southern Colombia

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• official language of the empire was Quechua

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Machu Picchu
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• TRADE AND EXPANSION
• CONQUERED BY FRANCISCO PIZARRO OF SPAIN
• LAST EMPEROR, ATAHAULPA

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