The War at Home

1
The War at Home

• Section 3

2
Words to Know

• Rationing Limiting the amount of something that
  each person can buy.
• Internment camp A prison like place in which
  people are held during a war.

3
War effort at home

• 1939
• American factories
• 6000 airplanes
• After Pearl Harbor
• President wanted
• 50,000 airplanes

4
Factories

• Many stayed open around the clock
• 8-hour shifts
• 1944
• 90,000 planes
• By the end of the war
• Over 70,000 ships
• 44 billion bullets
• 2.5 million army trucks

5
Other Contributions

• Americans too young or too old
• Worked for Red Cross
• Knotted sweaters and socks for troops
• Donated blood
• Planted vegetable gardens
• Victory gardens (food)
• Bought war bonds (help pay for war)

6
Rationing

• People received a months supply of coupons
• Allowed people to buy products that were hard to
  get
• Meat
• Sugar
• Butter
• Coffee
• Clothing was nearly impossible to get
• Cloth needed for military

7
Women

• During the war women made up 1/3rd of factory
  workers
• Many over the age of 35

8
Responsibilities

• Women in the military
• Separated womens units
• Worked in military offices
• More men could serve in battle
• Women flew supply planes
• Men could fly fighters and bombers
• Women served as nurses
• Women were paid 40 less

9
Economy

• Government set up agencies to direct war effort
• Fuel agency
• Get fuel to armed forces
• Encouraged civilian to cut back
• Wage-and-price agency
• Controlled food prices
• Controlled workers pay
• No prices or wages were raised during the war

10
African Americans

• More than 27 million Americans moved during the
  war
• Largest migration in U.S. History
• Many African Americans moved to
• Cities in the North East
• Midwest
• West Coast
• Factory work

11
African American Changes

• Left low paying farm jobs in the south for better
  paying factory jobs
• FDR-signed order
• African Americans were treated fairly in defense
  plants

12
African Americans in War

• 1 million served during WWII
• Still faced discrimination
• Given jobs as
• Cooks
• Waiters
• Workers in supply units
• Many African Americans still wanted to be part of
  the fight

13
332nd Fighter Group

• Created in 1941
• All pilots were African American
• Tuskegee Airmen
• Job
• Protected bombers flying over Europe
• No bomber ever shot down
• Shot down 103 enemy planes
• Destroyed 298 planes on the ground

14
Latinos

• More Latinos volunteered than any other group
• Mexican Americans
• Puerto Ricans
• (1 in 4 men in Bataan Death March was a Mexican
  American)
• Still discriminated
• 300,000 served during the war
• Took jobs from workers who went to war

15
Japanese Americans

• Americans fear
• Japanese Americans on the West Coast might help
  Japan
• 1942, FDR
• Order them to be put into internment camps
• 100,000 Japanese Americans
• Gave up
• Homes
• Farms
• businesses

16
442nd Infantry

• Thousands of Japanese Americans fought in the
  war
• 442nd Infantry
• Highly decorated
• After the War
• U.S. paid some of the Japanese Americans for the
  loss of their property
• No more than 10

17
Class Work

• Chapter 22 Section 3 Crossword