DIAMOND CHIP

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DIAMOND CHIP

• PRESENTED BY

A.RAKESH KIRAN Mail id rakeshkiran87_at_gmail.com Co
ntact 9030492595
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Introduction

• Electronics without silicon is unbelievable.
• Disadvantages when used in power electronics
  application, such as
• 1) bulk in size
• 2) slow operating speed, etc.

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Contd

• Pure Silicon and Germanium are semiconductors in
  normal temperature.
• In earlier days they were used widely for
  manufacturing of electronic components.

Fig Part of modern periodic table
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Contd

• Research people found that carbon has more
  advantages than silicon.
• Using carbon as the manufacturing material, we
  can achieve smaller, faster and stronger chips.

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What is diamond chip?

• In a single definition, Diamond Chip or Carbon
  Chip is an Electronic Chip manufactured on a
  diamond structure Carbon wafer

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How is it possible ?

• Diamond structural carbon is non conducting in
  nature.
• To make it conducting, doping process is
  performed.
• Boron-- as the p-type.
• Nitrogen--as the n-type.

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invention

• Developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
  Corporation (NTT), Japan, 1991.
• A diamond semiconductor operates on a 81 GHz
  frequency, and is more than twice the speed of
  earlier devices.

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Some facts

• Carbon is not a semiconductor.
• Some of the carbon allotropes acts as
  semiconductor.

Fig Carbon atom.
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Graphene.

• allotrope of carbon.
• structure is one-atom-thick planar sheets of
  sp2-bondage
• densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.

Fig Graphene sheet in planer structure.
Properties

• It has a remarkably high electron mobility at
  room temperature.
• Graphene structure can be doped easily.
• Can be converted back to its undoped.

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What is carbon nanotube?

• Just fold the graphene sheet into a tube like
  structure
• It is a nanosize cylinder of carbon atoms.
• It has less than
• one nanometer diameter.

FigCarbon nanotubes made step by step.
Fig View of CNT.
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Types of nanotubes
Fig All SWNT structures.
Figmultiwalled
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Why the name DIAMOND CHIP?

• Lonsdaleite is an sp3 bondage allotropic form of
  carbon i.e. 3-dimentional CNT.
• Crystal structure of Lonsdaleite looks exactly
  like diamond.

(a)
(b)
Fig (a) Lonsdaleite Structure. (b)crystal
structure of Lonsdaleite.
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Properties of CNT

• Properties
• 1 Strength
• 2 Hardness
• 3 Electrical
• 4 Thermal
• 5 One-dimensional transport

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Properties

• HARDNESS
• It can withstand a pressure up to 24GPa without
  deformation.
• STRENGTH
• Carbon nanotubes are the strongest and stiffest
  materials yet discovered in terms of tensile
  strength and elastic modulus respectively.

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Properties

• ELECTRICAL
• High electrical conductivity (10-6 ohm).
• Do not suffer from electro migration or atomic
  diffusion and thus can carry high current
  densities (107 -109 A/cm2 ),which is 1000 times
  that of copper.
• Both metal and semiconductor can be formed.

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Properties

• THERMAL
• The temperature stability of carbon nanotubes is
  estimated to be up to 2800 C in vacuum and about
  750 C in air.
• ONE DIMENTIONAL TRANSPORT
• Because of the nanoscale dimensions, electrons
  propagate only along the tube's axis.
• Carbon nanotubes are frequently referred to as
  one-dimensional

Fig Flow of electrons In Carbon Nanotubes.
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A brief idea about carbon transistors

• Much smaller components are possible.
• Conducts electricity faster as electrons travels
  through straight line without scattering.
• Ultimately we get faster and more efficient
  electronic component.

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How nanotubes are useful in digital logic?

• Simple inverter device consists of a nanotube FET
  and a large bias resistance which converts a
  high input voltage to a low one i.e., "one" to
  "zero" - and vice versa.
• By adding an extra FET in parallel, the
  researchers made a NOR gate. This device needs
  two "zero" inputs to give a "one" output, or two
  "ones" to give a "zero.

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ADVANTAGES
..OF DIMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

• Smaller components are possible.
• It works at higher temperature.
• Faster than silicon chips.
• Larger power handling capacity.

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Carbon nanotube Applications

• Information and Communications,
• Materials and Manufacturing,
• Biomedical,
• Energy and Environmental,
• Transportation
• Consumer goods.

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LIMITATIONS

• Much more expensive than silicon.
• Doping process is very hard to perform due to the
  diamond structure , than in silicon.

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Conclusion

• Thus diamond chip replaces the need of silicon
  in every aspect in future generation.

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Queries
?
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