Andes Music and Debussy

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Andes Music and Debussy
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Music of The Andes

• Ecuador

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(No Transcript)
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Demographics

• Ethnicities Andean Indian (Incan decent),
  Spanish
• Religions Roman Catholic, Catholicism blended
  with local tradition
• Languages -Spanish (official),-Amerindian
  languages (especially Quechua)
• Population 14.79 million

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Inca Influence

• Began in Cuzco, Peru, in the 1100s
• Empire stretched down the coast along the Andes
  Mt.
• Civilization was ended in the mid 1500s by the
  Spanish who were looking for gold.
• Ultimately stretched from top of Ecuador down to
  bottom of Chile.

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Inca Culture

• Religion pantheistic
• Spartan Art. Valued functionality over
  esthetics
• Kingdom was widely spread. Culture varies.
• Like their tapestries each are slightly
  different with unique traits woven in.
• No written records. History is all oral.

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Religion in Ecuador

• Like much of S. America, Catholicism becomes
  synchronized with local traditions and
  indigenous customs
• Roman Catholic 95, other 5
• Andean music plays a large part in religion,
  tying old traditions in with the Spanish-brought
  Catholicism.

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Recourses

• Ecuador contains 42 species of bamboo
• Bamboo located around tree line on mountains.
• Armadillo

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The Andes
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My father
Me free-climbing Pinchincha Valcano
My parents
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• Peak of Mt Chimborazo is the furthest point from
  the earths core.
• Weather in the mountains changes rapidly.

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• Groupos Andinos

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Instruments

• Charango
• Bombo
• Quena
• Zampoña
• Guitar

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Charango

• Evolved from the Spanish guitar
• 5 pairs of strings
• Tuned to an Am7 chord, or gg, cc, eE, aa, ee.
• Originally made from Armadillos

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Quena
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Pan Flute or Zampoña

• Vary in size from a few cm to a meter, allowing
  for wide pitch range.
• Tuned to the G scale.
• Dates back 5,000 years
• Sound reflects Mt. wind.

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San Juanito

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdaTXFS3dxy

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Music Theory

• In 4/4 duple time.
• Solid 106 bpm tempo
• Key of G (or Em)
• Using primarily G Major (E minor)pentatonic scale
• Repeated melodies and themes

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Song consists of two chords Em and G. Melody
carried primarily by zampoña and the quena.
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Music Reflects Heritage

• History of people unclear, only oral.
• Myth and fact blend and mix
• Music built on the simplicity and familiarity of
  the pentatonic scale. Peoples tradition is old
  and familiar, retold.
• Flutes and trills swell and fade, like stories
  and myths amid reality.

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Sound reflects Environment

• A song is lengthy, moves easily, subtly from one
  section to another. Reflects weather and
  seasons.
• Airy flutes emulate winds.
• Tinkle of Charangos double strings imitates
  sound of water.
• Quena mimics birds singing
• Overall lack of breaks and stoppage in songs
  reflects pace and flow of society and region.

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Music in Culture

• Dance music often does not have lyrics
• Mood of music primarily melancholy. Subjects
  include death, lost love, loneliness, but all
  embrace tradition
• Andean music dismissed by younger generation,
  following instead western music.

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Claude Debussy French Impressionist Composer

• (sexy pose courtesy of Claude Debussy)

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Claude Debussy Life

• 1962-1918, residing primarily in France
• Entered the Paris Conservatory at the age of ten.
• Traveled as a teacher through Europe and Russia.
• At 22 he won the Prix de Rome, a competition for
  composers.

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His Music

• Considered French music to serve primarily on the
  sensuous plane
• "The primary aim of French music is to give
  pleasure.
• This idea lead him away from traditional music
  theory (i.e. alternate scales, harmonies, and
  structure)

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Debussys Influences

• Writer and poet Edger Allen Poe
• Oriental and Russian Music
• German Romantic composer Richard Wagner
  (1813-1883). Imitated his styles and moods, but
  not his flambunctuality. Debussy was more subtle.

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Prelude to the Afternoon of a FaunWritten 1894

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v9_7loz-HWUM

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(No Transcript)
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Background of Prelude

• Based of a poem by French poet Stéphane Mallarmé
• Portrays the thoughts and dreams of a Faun. The
  faun plays a flute.

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Music Theory

• No continious beat or pulse swells and falls.
• Chromaticism moving by half steps, free from the
  traditional church modes.
• Somewhat ambiguous melodic lines serve to paint a
  bigger mood and feeling, as apposed to conveying
  ideas through individual melodic lines.
• Thru-composed. Builds up then fades away.

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Whats a French Impressionist got in common with
Incan Tradition?
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Andean Music and Impressionism

• Impressionistic music uses clusters of notes to
  paint a picture
• Similarly, Andean music layers rhythms and
  melodies
• Andean music paints a picture of the Andes by
  utilizing instruments that portray aspects of it.

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Mood and Effect

• The Prelude contains an air of uncertainty and
  drifting unpredictability not found in Andean
  music.
• Piece lacks concrete theme the overall mood and
  feeling of the piece becomes the theme.
• However, both convey an overarching setting and
  picture.
• In a sense, the music of the Andes becomes
  impressionistic. It conveys the and spirit of
  the altiplano.

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Instrumentation

• Opening flute compares to the sound of the quena.
• The gentle harp relates to the Charango.
• Piece contains no brass instruments, like Andean
  music.

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Bottom Line

• The music of Claude Debussy and the Andes, while
  composed using different instruments, both serve
  to echo the culture and feelings of their
  respective authors, yet differ as the work of
  Debussy breaks free from tradition while Andean
  music embraces its ancestry.

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Work Cited

• http//www.imagesofanthropology.com/Peru_South_Ame
  rica_People_and_Places_page_1.html
• http//www.native-languages.org/andean-culture.htm
  Andean tribes
• http//www.deathreference.com/Ho-Ka/Incan-Religion
  .html Incan Religion
• http//www.about-peru-history.com/inca-music.html
  Instruments
• http//library.thinkquest.org/15413/history/histor
  y-mod-comp.htm composers of the 20th century
• http//boleadora.com/andes.htm Mp3s
• http//www.about-peru-history.com/inca-art.htm
  Instuments
• l
• https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world
  -factbook/geos/ec.html
• http//www.markamusic.com/ZamponaBook.htm
  zampoñas
• http//www.discpro.org/andean/
• http//www.essentialsofmusic.com/composer/debussy.
  html Debussy Bio
• http//www.fotolog.com/contrapuntos/19347120
• http//www.andrewclem.com/CultureTravel.php
  Chords
• http//www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/?fuseaction
  compositioncomposition_id2466 Prelude analysis
• http//www.notablebiographies.com/De-Du/Debussy-Cl
  aude.html Debussy Bio
• http//www.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//www.deb
  ussy.fr/icono/pourville.jpgimgrefurlhttp//www.d
  ebussy.fr/encd/bio/bio5_03-09.phpusg Debussy
  Photo
• http//www.destination360.com/south-america/ecuado
  r/ecuador-andes Andes of Ecuador

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Media Preparations

• 1. Opening Quena (Stop at 022!)
  http//www.youtube.com/watch?vFOZjfSm72dgfeature
  related
• 2. San Juanito http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdaT
  XFS3dxyM
• 3. Dancing with live band http//www.youtube.com/
  watch?vOnnV9J5pTBwfeaturerelated
• Vasijo de Varro http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8n
  BrOArVjEI
• 4. Prelude http//www.youtube.com/watch?v9_7loz-
  HWUM
• 5. San Juanito 2 http//www.youtube.com/watch?vm
  ej5w-MRwG0featurerelated